In recent years, the state has introduced a series of policies to support the development of the photovoltaic industry. However, due to the large initial investment and long payback period, the photovoltaic photovoltaic investment policy is the most concerned about the subsidy policy and the economic benefits it can generate. A more detailed analysis of the benefits of photovoltaic power generation is given below.
State's Subsidy Policy for Domestic Photovoltaic Power Generation
1, electricity price subsidies:
Currently, the state subsidies for the photovoltaic industry are the policies issued in August 2013, and the “Notice on Using Price Leverage to Promote the Healthy Development of the PV Industry†(Development and Reform Price [2013] No. 1638), which stipulates the subsidy policy for distributed generation. , 0.42 yuan / kilowatt price subsidies, the implementation period is 20 years in principle. The country will gradually reduce the electricity price and subsidy standards according to the changes in the scale and cost of photovoltaic power generation.
Different provinces and cities have formulated different subsidy standards according to policies. Basically, they are:
State subsidies + provincial subsidies + city subsidies + county subsidies (after the three if any) = final PV on-grid tariff
2. Value-added tax relief:
1) Value-added tax is halved (symbol: Finance and Tax [2013] No. 66)
From October 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015, the taxpayer sells its self-produced solar energy-produced power products and implements a policy of 50% return on value-added tax.
2) VAT exemption for small items (symbol: National Grid [2014] 1515)
From October 1, 2014 to December 31, 2015, projects with monthly sales of less than 30,000 yuan (approximately 200kW to 250kW) are exempt from VAT.
3) Fee Reduction (Ref. No. 103, 2013)
For the distributed photovoltaic power generation, self-use electricity will be free from renewable energy price surcharges, national major water conservancy project construction funds, large and medium-sized reservoir post-disaster support funds, rural network repayment funds, and other four government funds for electricity collection.
3, simplify various procedures (number: Guonengxinneng [2013] No. 433)
1) Exemption from supporting documentation
Exempted from supporting documents such as power generation business license, planning site selection, land pre-trial, soil and water conservation, environmental impact assessment, energy conservation assessment and social risk assessment.
2) One-stop service
Encourage municipal or county-level governments to establish a one-stop service system integrating the application of grid access, integration and commissioning, electricity bill settlement and subsidy distribution in combination with local realities, such as filing and completion acceptance of distributed photovoltaic power generation projects. Simplify the process.
3) On-grid free and simple
The power grid companies at the prefecture level or at the county level shall apply for the relevant grid connection procedures according to the simplified procedures, and provide the services such as grid-connected consultation, power meter installation, grid-connection commissioning and acceptance.
Photovoltaic power generation equipment needs cost and economic benefits
How much money do you make to see what kind of power sales model you use?
Spontaneous electricity price = basic electricity price + 0.42+ local subsidies (if any)
Residual on-grid tariff = 0.42 + local subsidies (if any) + local desulfurization coal price
Investment and recycling:
First, initial investment
The price of household electricity generation is basically at 10 yuan/W, including components, inverters, and brackets. 100 square meters of roof, according to the installation capacity of the components used in different angles, the installation capacity is very different. , It is estimated that it can install 3-10kW scale. The cost investment is about 3-10 million yuan.
Second, the equivalent hour of power generation
Look at local lighting resources.
The following example shows, please bring in the local electricity price, installation capacity, etc. to calculate the income:
If there is an equivalent hour of about 1,000 hours a year, if the installed capacity is 10 kW, the amount of electricity generated that year would be 10 kW*1000 hours = 10,000 kwh.
If the local subsidy price is calculated on-line, it can be 1 yuan/W, and the annual return is 10,000 kWh*1 yuan/W=1 million.
Do not consider the battery decay for 10 years to recover the investment of 100,000 yuan, and then the net income.
It is also necessary to consider whether the assembly battery is attenuated. Another consideration is that the state subsidies may last for 20 years or may last for 10 years. The subsidies for provinces and cities vary from region to region, with some subsidies for five years and some subsidies3. In years, the change is still very big.
Take an example to illustrate the benefits of distributed photovoltaics
Taking Shanghai as an example, according to the new edition of the “Support Measures for Special Funds for Renewable Energy and New Energy Development in Shanghai†published on May 4, 2014, photovoltaic and wind power two new energy projects will receive a five-year award based on power generation. The amount of "degree of subsidy" for distributed photovoltaics is 0.25 yuan/kWh for industrial and commercial users and 0.4 yuan/kWh for individual users.
If an individual invests in a solar power station in Shanghai, he or she will be able to return it in 7 years or so. At present, solar energy technology can ensure the 25-year life of the power station, which is equal to returning to “net profit for another 18 yearsâ€. The annual investment rate of return exceeds 10%, which is much higher than the balance of treasure.
If there is a 100-square-foot roof, about 20KW of solar photovoltaic power stations are installed, and the specific cost recovery and benefit factors are very numerous, including the length of daylight hours and their own electricity consumption (the greater the amount of electricity, the more cost-effective, It is possible to offset the higher-price segment of the ladder tariff, local policies, etc., and detailed analysis is needed for details. If you only know a few words, the answer above should be enough.
Photovoltaic environmental protection account
Photovoltaics is not just an economic account, but also an environmental account. The "environmental benefits" can be roughly calculated as follows:
1Each KWh electricity consumption coal: At present, China's coal consumption for power generation is an average of 390g standard coal/KWh (Energy basic data compilation, State Planning Commission Energy Institute, 1999. 1, p16)
2 Emissions of carbon dioxide of approximately 1.4 kg per 1 kWh
3 The average output of PV modules per watt is 2KWh per year.
4Average emission reduction of carbon dioxide 2.8kg per watt per year
According to the EPIA's estimation, the effect of CO2 emission reduction by replacing photovoltaic generators with photovoltaic power generation is 1 Kg/KWh; the average emission reduction effect of photovoltaic grid-connected generation is 0.6 Kg/KWh. By 2020, the cumulative installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation in the world will reach 195GWp, of which about 50% will be photovoltaic grid-connected power generation. The CO2 emission reduction achieved by photovoltaic power generation in 2000-2020 will be 700 million tons, and CO2 emission reduction will reach 164 million tons in 2020 alone, equivalent to the emissions of 44 million vehicles or 75 large-scale thermal power plants. It is very effective against haze.
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