How to adapt to wheat late sowing

The cause of late-sown wheat: There are two types of late-seeded wheat: First, due to the maturity of the former crop, the late harvest, and the delay in sowing, the planting is delayed, thus forming late-sown wheat. Second, due to lack of sensation, such as rain sowing or excessive rainfall, it has to delay the sowing date to form late-sown wheat.

Fertility characteristics of late-sown wheat: The growth of wheat seedlings before winter is slow, the roots are weak, not strong, and there are few tillers, and the ability to withstand low temperatures is poor. The end of October to early November sowing of wheat in most years only a leaf unearthed, also known as "a needle"; 11 months, before the end of the winter wheat planting in general not emergence, known as "soil cover."

The growth and development process in Spring is fast, the main stem has a high rate of seed formation, the seed setting rate is high, the total number of leaves is 1~2 , and the biological yield is low. Because the maturity of late-sown wheat is delayed by about 3 days than that of suitable sowing wheat , some years are vulnerable to dry hot wind during the filling period, reducing 1000-grain weight.

The growth period is shortened, and the late broadcast is not late.

Supporting management measures for late-sown wheat fields: 1. Add fertilizer and supplement the fertilizer with fertilizer. It is necessary to increase the amount of fertilization for late-sowing wheat to supplement the deficiency of effective nutrients in the soil, and promote wheat to multi-tiller, multi-ear, and large spikes, and high yield. It should be noted that the application of phosphate fertilizer in the soil with severe phosphorus deficiency has a significant effect on promoting root development, increasing dry matter accumulation and early maturity. Therefore, formula fertilization is critical. The fertilization method of late sowing wheat should adhere to the principle of fertilization supplemented by organic fertilizer and supplemented by chemical fertilizer, so that it can be fertilized by soil and rationally matched. Generally , the late-season wheat with a yield of 350 to 500 kilograms per mu can be applied with 3,500 to 4,000 kilograms of organic fertilizer , 20 kilograms of urea , and 40 to 50 kilograms of superphosphate .

2. Use good varieties to make up for the night. Practice has proved that the late-season wheat planting semi-winter varieties, the stage development process is faster, the vegetative growth time is shorter, the grouting intensity is improved, and it is easy to achieve the purpose of large ear, grain, grain weight, early maturity and high yield.

3. Increase the amount of seeding to cover the night. Late tillering wheat tillering was significantly reduced, and the conventional seeding rate inevitably caused insufficient spikes and affected yield. Therefore, increasing the seeding rate and relying on the main stem to form the ear is the key to increasing the yield of late-season wheat. It should be noted that the appropriate seeding amount is determined according to the sowing date and the tillering characteristics of the variety. All localities have certain experience in increasing the amount of sowing seeds for late sowing wheat.

4. Improve the quality of land preparation so as to make up for the night. ( 1 ) Early squatting, rushing to broadcast early. Without prejudice to the autumn crop production, try to do Tengcha early, early preparation, early sowing, sowing accelerate progress, reducing the accumulated losses. ( 2 ) Fine soil preparation and underfoot cultivation. After the harvest of the former sorghum crops, it is necessary to hurry up and deepen the ploughing and fine leveling. For the plots with insufficient grievances, it is necessary to tidy up the water and make the bottom rafts, so that the soil is firm, there is no clear and dark, and the wheat is fully planted. Suitable Sowing Wheat sown soil moisture is 70% to 80% of field capacity, preferably with water and promptly crop cultivator stubble crop soil moisture before harvest, the grip can be made moisture timely received PRECEDING Reciprocating planting soil moisture . ( 3 ) Fine sowing, suitable for shallow sowing. Under the premise of athlete's foot, proper shallow sowing is an effective measure to make full use of pre-accumulation temperature, reduce seed nutrient consumption, and achieve early emergence, multiple rooting, early growth and early tillering . Generally, the planting depth is 3 to 4 cm. ( 4 ) soaking seeds and germination. For late and early emergence in wheat fields have sufficient moisture to ensure the emergence, when using the 20 ℃ ~ 30 ℃ warm water soaking 5 to 6 hours before planting, sowing remove and dry, early emergence may be 2 to 3 days. Or with warm water of 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃, wheat seeds sown 1 day and night before immersion, etc. after absorbing enough water to remove the seeds, the seeds piled heap 30 cm thick, and flip several times a day and, in the seed embryo grin When it is spread out and dried for sowing, it can be released 5 to 7 days earlier than the dried seeds .

5. Scientific management to promote the growth of seedlings into more ears. ( 1 ) Repressing and slashing, promoting seedling growth and growth. The key early-onset long fast turning green wheat promoting is raising the temperature, management is focused on repression, draw hoe, to ensure moisture warming, promote root development, nurturing seedlings, increased tillering have a significant role. ( 2 ) Grasp the management of fertilizer and water during the ups and downs. General to late sowing wheat field dressing up in period is appropriate; wheat fields of higher fertility, basal adequate, more prosperous Barley, may be deferred until the late jointing or jointing topdressing watering; shortage of groups late sowing wheat, the latter should turn green Topdressing and watering to promote spring bifurcation. (3) strengthening the management of late boot stage is the critical period of wheat water demand, water has a significant effect on preserving flowers by grain, should be watered at booting or flowering stage based on soil moisture, soil water into the field capacity to ensure 75 % or so. Late wheat crop needs to be watered well filling water, to improve the light high photosynthesis duration, and resist harmful hot wind, increase grain weight. In addition, attention should be paid to the control of wheat rust, powdery mildew and aphids.

 

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