[China Aluminum Network] Color, texture, and surface touch are people's more direct perceptions of products, and they are also important topics for designers.
When a material is selected and combined, the designer considers not only the material itself, but also what kind of surface treatment and what kind of color the material will match. Therefore, we use surface texture, color, and gloss to describe the visual characteristics of a material, that is, CMF (Color, Material, Finishing).
If a material can exhibit a unique appearance texture or have more surface treatment and color change possibilities, it will be more welcome.
For merchandise, color may determine more influential factors for consumers to buy or not. In Malcolm Gladwell's book, "Blinks: The Unmistakable Decision Force," he proposes that when people face a choice, they quickly recognize it through subconscious minds, and can make decisions in a matter of seconds. Rationalize ideas and investigations. The key to industrial design is to inspire consumers' buying decisions. Within the first few seconds of the consumer seeing the product, most of the information is visual information, and the visual information is more intuitive than the color information. So, taking this into consideration, the correct application of color in the design is very important.
- The power of color -
Color can determine the success of a design: People may simply give up buying a Porsche because of its poor color, no matter how high its quality, performance, fame and industrial level. Similarly, in almost every industrial design field such as household appliances, electronics, textiles, sports equipment, shoes, etc., a bad color choice can ruin the entire design.
Many people regard color only as a purely subjective decoration, thinking that this is only a matter of personal preference. But in fact, color choice is a very meaningful, purposeful, functional work for design. The "color" described herein will not only be tones, but also information such as concentration (saturation) quantified by numerical values.
How to apply color purposefully to industrial design?
1, color correlation function
Color has a high degree of emotional and symbolic association. The correct use of color in the design can serve to relieve the user's emotions and evoke the vivid memory of the user. This connection is all aspects, such as culture, geography and reproduction. Thinking associates color with emotion and can evoke long-term memory of the user, regardless of whether the memory was established through repetitive activities or specific events.
For example, when asked to describe an ipod, most people would say "clean." Why is this a universal answer? Taking into account the ipod's material, surface and color, it is a white smooth and polished stainless steel metal. For many Americans, they wash every morning in a bathroom with a metal polishing facility and white ceramics. These are the colors of "cleaning and cleaning", and this connection is deeply imprinted in their minds.
In addition to memory-related functions, color also has a symbolic association function. This is particularly evident in the design of the national flag. For example, the flag of Cameroon in African countries includes three columns of monochrome: green, yellow and red. For Africa, for humans, green is the color of vegetation, growth, and prosperity; yellow is the happiness of the sun and the sun; red is the unity of the African people. These colors are symbolic and can connect people to history, struggle and glory.
2, color hint function
For a machine or facility, it is necessary to distinguish between the selection of colors and the contrast of different functional modules. Even if the user does not understand the function and form of the product, he can give the user certain hints to understand how to operate.
For example, the green button generally indicates "forward" or "start" and the red button indicates "stop" or indicates "ignition" on the trigger. Our traffic lights are red, green and yellow to give drivers direct color hints.
In the multi-functional system, only certain more important and critical areas will use some specific colors: the white zebra crossing on the street crosswalk is used to alert the driver to facilitate pedestrians crossing the road safely. The controller buttons of the X-Box game console also have different colors - gray for general functions and other colors for specific operations.
The application of this kind of color must be cautious. To use the same color too much on the controller at will is likely to weaken the influence of these colors. In the more critical areas, contrasting colors are generally used, although these colors may be rarely used at ordinary times, so that the functions of these key areas can be strengthened.
3, color fashion
Every quarter the fashion world will introduce new stylish color panels. The application of these colors in the design can consciously or unconsciously attract buyers through today's hot panel. Colors change according to different target markets, geographic regions, seasons, cultures, and designs. Due to the variability of the influencing factors, some suitable panels need to be studied.
So how do you find out the fashion and fashion trends of colors? Magazines and design magazines will show the current hot designs, but they cannot predict future color fashion trends. Including industrial design, product display design must be carried out two or three years in advance.
One solution is to work with professional color analysts. Color analysts specialize in providing design companies with specific design projects and a range of current color selection services. The Pantone Color Matching System provides color matching, professional tools and trend forecasting services on its own company website. The Color Marketing Organization is also an international organization specializing in color design. Based on surveys conducted by members of the organization, the organization publishes reports on color fashion trends twice a year.
Then how can we complete professional color design without paying? Another option is to organize observers to investigate fashion, art, and current affairs around the world according to the practices of some companies. Inspiration can often come from fashion shows and trade. Shows can also come from art exhibitions and art exhibitions. Graphic designers often draw design inspiration from magazines such as Graphis, Print, and How.
You can also learn from the current cultural trends one by one, from the impact of television or film to obtain color objects. For example, the Winter Olympics held in Turin, Italy, is a fashion show about the culture of snow sports, attracting the attention of sports players all over the world. In the Olympic Games, the skier's coat will undoubtedly affect the fashion of the racing driver.
4, color identification
Color can identify a person, a company, or an organization. For companies that have strong brand perceptions, the use of color is very important. Even a team will identify its team in helmets or uniforms. Color can also identify a person or effectively organize a project.
Astro, a product design company in San Francisco, changed the power strip market with a simple yet wonderful color application. Each socket of Kingston's SmartSockets series patch panel is equipped with different color rings to identify different uses and to distinguish the corresponding different pins.
The company also recognizes the importance of the company's brand color identity. The blue gift box with a blue ribbon is Tiffany's logo; the green and yellow on the tractor is John Deere's logo.
When the color contrast is strong, the saturation is high, and it belongs to the basic color or the composite color, it often has a very high degree of recognition, and can be distinguished from other brands. Complex and subtle color changes are not easily distinguishable by color. When the ticket is purple, think about whether we will park in magenta or magenta areas?
5, color highlighting
Colors can be used to highlight material forms, surface changes, or three-dimensional structures. This has nothing to do with culture. It is related to the visual information of our people's thinking process. Our eyes only accept surface changes, and changes in the form of three-dimensional objects can only be recognized by the human eye by relying on changes in color.
Now we consider a series of colors on the surface of the material form. Only the high-brightness color contrast is strong, such as white; the darker color (such as 80% gray) contains only a small part of the color gamut, so the corresponding color difference can be Smaller denaturation. The example in the figure below shows the chromatic aberration of the front of the white system in highlighting the curvature; on the contrary, the front of the dark system has a poor effect on the curvature. This is due to the small color change in the dark system and difficult identification.
Metallic pigments can enhance their contrast by reflecting more light at the focal point or far focus. Metal pigments also tend to deepen chromatic aberration in dark places. This field is used in the matching of paint colors to show the surface contour of a vehicle. We can compare the difference between the lower metallic orange and the non-metallic orange.
The shape of the object can also be highlighted by the graphic color processing in the focus area. Dyson vacuum cleaners usually choose bright color products for product display. Vertical stripes can also highlight the height and contour lines; the color difference and the warm color increase the volume of the subject.
6, change the shape through color
The three-dimensional shape of the object can be changed through the disguise and disguise of the color. An extreme example is the camouflage of military vehicles, which can destroy visible boundaries and make people unable to recognize their true shape. The color change is different from the surface change. This method can be used to hide objects or weaken their shape. The example in the figure below makes use of high-contrast color patterns to reduce the three-dimensional shape of the human senses.
Matt black usually makes it difficult to see the shape of the object. The F117 Nighthawk Stealth fighter took advantage of this, with a matt black paint on the tail that absorbs both visible light and radar waves. Therefore, when the fighter performs a mission at night, it is difficult to be traced. (Air Force - Technology).
Color can not only play the role of hidden objects, but also can be used to emphasize the performance of materials. Color can come in handy when materials are expensive or performance needs special emphasis. Jewelry designers often use this when making precious metals or precious stones. For example, polished gold can produce luster and colorful visual effects, and special cutting directions can highlight the true color and refraction of the stone.
For example, wood stains can produce natural wood grain on the surface of the material; iMac's translucent candy-colored skin enhances the visual and tactile effects of plastics; surface anodization can make machined metal aluminum even more abundant High-tech; the high strength and durability of steel can be represented by electroplating or stainless steel coating.
8, make the material "unreal" by color
Color can be used to mask the true texture of the material. There are two reasons why this method is commonly used: Man-made materials are too expensive or cannot be used in low-cost, bulky products.
In the 1930s, wagons were made of hardwood to make doors and side panels, which were very expensive and could only be afforded by prestigious people. Since the wood is cut and installed by hand, expansion causes the bolts to be lost or needs to be adjusted. The resulting repair costs and time are very large. Since 1953, manufacturers have used steel structures instead of solid wood to make side panels. In 1955, the Ford Squire Autos used a vinyl material to successfully imitate wood grain that resembles real wood. Today, people can buy almost any type of wood grain package in the parts market. (Narus)
A more common example is the design of a cell phone. Most mobile phone shells imitate metallic colors, exhibit the texture of polished aluminum, and live the color of stainless steel coatings. The two materials are usually an injection molding polymer material.
9, the color of the object into the harmony of the environment
Color can give the product visually and environmentally compatible designs. For example, white kitchen appliances can match the entire kitchen environment. This use can be used to obtain a quiet, neutral, and environment-friendly atmosphere and reduce visual confusion. In addition, when other objects in the environment are generally a special color, the product is usually designed in a similar color. For example, the color of the band-aid is basically similar to the color of the skin.
The computer enclosure and controller of the 1980s were designed to be beige, designed to integrate the computer into the common office environment of the time. At that time office equipment, including desktops, printers, accessories, office furniture, and even walls and carpets were beige. This can match the colors of all the objects in the office environment so that the visual objects can be combined with each other.
10. Colors for comparison
Things are important to contrast with the surrounding environment. Whether it is an orange traffic cone or a yellow taxi, color is a powerful differentiating factor. Differs from the environment by contrast, saturation, or color value. In an environment where safety is a key issue, color is crucial. On tools with cutting or rotating features, the color contrast can focus the operator's attention on where to focus. In order to prevent loss or trample, garden tools are designed to contrast with the green environment.
Whether it is on the roadside or on the shelf, the product is very useful in order to stand out from the competition. If a person has just bought a $250,000 exotic sports car, they may want to attract attention by choosing bright colors such as red or yellow. In order to attract attention, the goods on the shelves may also be useful in comparison with the colors of similar items in the surroundings.
in conclusion
When customers take a glance at the product they buy, they can quickly decide which one to buy, and their judgment determines the success or failure of the product. If the designer does not consider the color choice of the product, these products may remain on the shelf, cannot be sold, are not used, and may eventually become garbage. This is a crime for the environment, manufacturers, retailers and the general public.
This article discusses several ways in which industrial designers are encouraged to be more purposeful, meaningful, and more thoughtful in their choice and application of colors. Color has many features, not just furnishings. Color has a tremendous power that is often underestimated and underutilized by design students. Due to eye perception and the way the world is constructed, colors must be combined with factors such as form, line, texture, and shape. Visual processes and visual designers are inseparable from these factors.
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