The huge losses caused by fires to the people and the country every year have caused widespread concern. Some industries have successively enacted strict laws and regulations to limit the use of non-flame-retardant materials, such as civil aviation, mines, and interior decoration of buildings, which require the use of flame retardant or Non-combustible material. The formulation of these regulations has played an important role in preventing the occurrence of fires. However, in order to truly eliminate the hidden dangers of fires, on the one hand, we must improve people's understanding of fire prevention, on the other hand, we must have better flame retardant products for people to choose. This is the task before us. In the past few years, we have been committed to the research and exploration of flame retardant treatment of flammable cellulose materials (including textile fiber products, paper products, wood products, etc.), and achieved certain results, and developed a flame retardant treatment suitable for cellulose materials. Flame retardant--MZY additive solid flame retardant, the product is characterized by: insoluble in water, insoluble in organic solvents, non-volatile, non-precipitating, low in fumes, no corrosive gases and toxic gases, Has excellent flame retardant properties. In addition, some research work has been done on the application methods of different fiber products.
1. Synthesis of MZY additive solid flame retardant
1.1 Selection of flame retardant elements There are many kinds of compounds with flame retardancy, and their chemical compositions, structures and methods of use are also different, mainly based on boron and aluminum of Group IV of the periodic table, nitrogen and phosphorus of Group V. Some compounds based on some flame retardant elements such as bismuth, antimony, sulfur of Group VI, chlorine and bromine of Group VII. These elements have great differences in flame retardancy when flame retarding different substrates. The mechanism of combustion is also different. According to the analysis of the flame retardant mechanism of various flame retardant elements, as the flame retardant of cellulose products, it is better to choose elements such as phosphorus, nitrogen and sulfur, and they are different in the combustion process. The action mechanism exerts a flame retardant effect, and can also produce a synergistic effect of phosphorus-nitrogen, improve the flame retardant effect, and reduce the amount of the flame retardant. The phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant system can promote the decomposition of sugar into coke and water at a lower temperature, increase the amount of coke residue generated, inhibit the transfer of heat from the surface of the combustion product to the inside, and the nitrogen-containing compound has a foaming agent and a coke enhancer. The function and the phosphide form a dense expansive coke layer at a high temperature, and function as a heat insulating and oxygen barrier.
1.2 Raw materials and equipment The raw materials for testing include phosphates, sulfates, amines, crosslinkers, curing agents, wood shavings, toilet paper, and cotton fabrics. The experimental equipment includes a reaction kettle, a power agitator, a constant temperature water bath, a grinder, an oven, etc.
1.3 Synthetic route The chemical raw materials are charged into the reaction vessel → stirred, heated at 70-80 ° C, all dissolved; → cross-linking agent is added to maintain the reaction temperature of 80-85 ° C → when the reaction solution changes from clarification to turbidity, solidification is added. The agent is stirred for a certain period of time to form a solid material, poured into a grinder and ground to obtain a solid powdery flame retardant.
1.4 Analysis of process conditions
1.4.1 Control of reaction temperature The reaction temperature has a great influence on the quality of the product, the temperature is low, the reaction time is long, the production cycle is prolonged, the production cost is increased, and the cross-linking curing is not good. The high temperature, although the reaction rate is increased, but some ammonium compounds will be resolved to a certain extent, affecting the performance of the product. Therefore, the reaction temperature should be controlled at 80 to 85 °C.
1.4.2 Control of the rate of addition of the cross-linking agent The cross-linking agent is preferably added dropwise. The too fast and too slow addition speed is unfavorable for production. Too slow, the reaction speed is reduced, and the time is increasing. Too fast, the reaction is too intense, and even the phenomenon of flashing. Therefore, the rate of addition of the crosslinking agent is preferably such that the reaction proceeds smoothly, and is generally controlled at about 1 h.
1.4.3 The grinding and grinding of the product has a great influence on the fineness of the product. However, the fineness of the product plays a very important role in the flame retardancy of the product. We know that the finer the fineness of the product, the more difficult the grinding process and the higher the cost of the product. Therefore, the fineness of the product should be determined depending on the use of the product. The product can be made into a product with particle fineness between (2 ~ 74) μm according to different grinding methods, and can be used for different purposes.
2, the application of flame retardants
2.1 Preparation of flame retardant particleboard
2.1.1 Production process of particleboard Wooden shavings → spray adhesive → paving → heat and pressure curing → cutting into a certain size of sheet.
2.1.2 Addition method of flame retardant in
In order to achieve the production of flame retardant particleboard on the basis of the production process in 2.1.1, there are two methods, one is to directly add a flame retardant to the binder. The other is to first mix the solid powdery flame retardant with the shavings and then carry out other processing. Compared with the two methods, the former is simple to operate and does not need to be filled with any equipment. However, the adhesive must have good stability to the flame retardant. For this reason, we have prepared a binder solution with different flame retardant addition amount. , placed to observe its stability.
From the data in the table, we can see that the flame retardant has a great influence on the stability of the binder, and as the amount of addition increases, the degree of influence increases, but the particleboard is required to achieve better flame retardancy. The fuel dose must be a certain percentage, so this method of addition is limited. The second method overcomes this effect. The production plant only needs to add a mixing device in front. The test by the particle board factory proves that this method can fully meet the production requirements.
2.1.3 Adding amount of flame retardant The amount of flame retardant directly affects the quality of flame retardant. In order to determine the optimum amount of flame retardant, we have made particleboard with different content of flame retardant for flame retardancy test. The results are shown in Table 2.
It can be seen from the data in the table that when the flame retardant dose is less than 4%, it can not play a flame retardant effect. When it reaches 8% or more, the effect is very good, the ignition is very difficult, and it is extinguished immediately after leaving the fire source, almost no Yin. Burning phenomenon. Therefore, the amount of the flame retardant should be 8% to 10%. The physical and mechanical properties of the particle board prepared at this dosage are not affected.
2.2 Flame retardant finishing of cotton fabrics
2.2.1 The fabric is subjected to a rolling-baking-baking method for the flame retardant finishing immersion liquid formulation:
Water 100g
Flame retardant 15g
PVA 3g
Paint Dyeing Binder Emulsion 5g
Finishing process and conditions: cotton furniture cloth → two dip two rolling flame retardant, rolling rate 100% → drying (80 ~ 100 ° C) → baking (130 ° C) → flame retardant cloth. Determination of flame retardant properties and results: The flame retardant properties of flame retardant fabrics were determined according to the 7 of GB5455 85, and the flame retardancy reached self-extinguishing within 5 seconds after the fire.
2.2.2 Fabrics are coated by flame retardant finishing coating formula:
FS 8512 water-based fabric waterproof coating agent 50%
50% water
Thickener 3% (coating liquid weight)
Defoamer a little flame retardant 15%
Coating process and conditions: 40×40 cotton poplin→coating (coating amount is 20g/m2)→pre-bake→baking→finished product. The flame retardant properties of the flame retardant fabric were determined as in 2.2.1, and the flame retardancy reached self-extinguishing within 5 seconds after the fire.
2.3 Flame retardant treatment of paper products
2.3.1 Flame Retardant Formula:
Water 400g
Toilet paper 8g
Flame retardant 4g
2.3.2 Experimental method Put water into the enamel cup, start the stirrer, shred the toilet paper into the agitated water, mix to form a fiber pulp, add the flame retardant component, stir for 2 to 3 minutes, then The pulp is poured onto a net to remove excess water, and the remaining fiber clusters are rolled to further remove more moisture. The wet clusters are then rolled on a flat plate, and the hot air is thoroughly dried to obtain a Kind of thin cardboard. The thin cardboard was cut into a plurality of strips, and a vertical burning experiment was carried out according to the method of 2.2.1 to achieve self-extinguishing performance after leaving the fire.
3. Conclusion
The flame retardant has a reasonable synthetic process, easy availability of raw materials, and low equipment investment, and is suitable for industrial production. The flame retardant has excellent flame retardant performance, and is particularly suitable for flame retardant processing of cellulose products, and has a broad application prospect.
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