I. Research and development status of nanomaterials in China The Chinese government has always attached great importance to the research of nanomaterials and nanotechnology. The state and various localities have actively invested in the implementation of the “National Key Programâ€, “863 Program†and “973 Programâ€. The funds have greatly improved the research and development level of China's nanotechnology. A large number of scientific research results with high technology content, great growth and independent intellectual property rights have been published one after another and have attracted international attention. (1) Geographical distribution China's research on nanomaterials and nanotechnology has initially formed a pattern of radiation around the core of the two major nano research and development centers, the North Center and the South Center. The Northern Nano Research and Development Center is centered in Beijing, including the Nanotechnology Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Metals of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Photographic Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Semiconductors of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Beijing Building Materials Research Institute, and the Beijing Iron and Steel Research Institute. Institute, Peking University, Tsinghua University, Beijing University of Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Tianjin University, Nankai University, Jilin University and other units. The Southern Nano Research and Development Center is centered in Shanghai, including Shanghai Jiaotong University, East China University of Science and Technology, Fudan University, East China Normal University, Tongji University, University of Science and Technology of China, Zhejiang University, Nanjing University, Shandong University, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute, Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. In addition to the above two R&D centers, Xi'an and Lanzhou in the northwest, Chengdu in the southwest, and Wuhan in the south and south are all making achievements in the research and development of nanomaterials and nanotechnology. The survey on the geographical distribution of China's nano-research and development power shows that the research and development strength of China's nanomaterials and nanotechnology, although it is spread over most of the country, is mainly concentrated in East China and North China. These two economic and technologically advanced regions account for the entire R&D strength. 80% (see Figure 1). Further research found that although the nano-researching power is relatively concentrated on the surface, it is still scattered. For example, the South Nano Research and Development Center centered on Shanghai has a considerable part of research power scattered in Hefei and Nanjing. 
Figure 1 China's nano-research power distribution 
Figure 2 Distribution of China's nano-research and development power (2) System distribution China's researchers engaged in nano-materials and nano-technology are mainly concentrated in institutions of higher learning and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. These two parts of research force account for more than 90% of the total R&D strength; Researchers are engaged in the research and development of nanomaterials and nanotechnology, but the strength is very weak, accounting for only 5% of the total, and most of them focus on the application development of nanomaterials (mainly in the surface modification of products) and nanomaterial preparation. (See Figure 2) (3) Personnel structure There are more than 4,500 researchers in nanomaterials and nanotechnology in China, and the age structure is relatively reasonable, which has formed a situation in which the proportion of the old, middle and young generations is coordinated (see Figure 3). Among them, there are about 500 old-generation scientists, about 1,800 middle-aged scientists, and about 2,200 young researchers. Moreover, the academic background of these researchers is also very good, more than 70% of the researchers have master's degree or above, about 30% with doctoral and senior titles, 40% with master's and intermediate titles, and 30% others. (See Figure 4). 
Figure 3 China Nano Research Force 
Figure 4 Distribution of China's nano-research powers 2. Key units and main achievements (1) Research areas 
Figure 5 China's nano-research and development power distribution The research fields of nanomaterials and nanotechnology in China are mainly concentrated in materials, chemistry, physics, information, and life. (See Figure 5.) The research of nanomaterials is mainly based on metal and inorganic non-metallic nanomaterials, accounting for about 80%. In addition, polymers and chemical synthetic materials are also an important aspect, and new breakthroughs are continuously made. Nanostructured materials mainly focus on nanocrystals, nanopowders, nanofilms, nanopowder materials, nanomaterial modification, nanomaterial toughening enhancement, nanostructure and nanometer properties, etc.; nanofunctional materials focus on nano-information materials, nanometers Environmental materials, nano-sensing materials, and materials properties in thermal, electrical, optical, and magnetic environments. Beijing-centered North Nano Research and Development Center, the main research areas include: carbon nanotubes, nano-magnetic liquid materials, nano-semiconductors, nano-stealth materials, high-polymer nanocomposites, nano-interface materials, nano-functional coatings, nano-materials Preparation technology, nano-functional film; Shanghai-centered Southern Nano Research and Development Center, in the fields of nanomedicine, nanoelectronics, nano-micro-machinery, nano-bio, nano-materials, nanomaterials preparation and application and industrialization, etc. Strong advantages and development potential. Further research found that more than half of the research and development strength of nanomaterials in China is concentrated in the field of nanomaterials with less technical requirements, while the strength of nanoelectronics and nanobiomedicine is weak. This not only provides strong technical support for the development of China's nano-materials industry, but will also lead to the disadvantage of China's overall technology level in the future competition. (2) Significant Achievements The main scientific research achievements of nanomaterials and nanotechnology in China are almost all in the system of Chinese Academy of Sciences and higher education institutions. However, most of the research and development of nanomaterials and nanotechnology are concentrated in the application development of nanomaterials ( Mainly in terms of surface modification of the product) and in the preparation of nanomaterials. This shows that institutions of higher learning and the Chinese Academy of Sciences are still the source of innovation for nanomaterials and nanotechnology in China. Here are a few examples of influential China's nanotechnology achievements. â–º Large-area oriented carbon tube array synthesis (1996) This pure carbon nanotube synthesized by the chemical vapor phase high-efficiency preparation technology has the same diameter and diameter. 20μm, length 100μm, array area 3mm × 3mm, is expected to have important application prospects in flat panel display and field emission cathode. (The results were published in the American Science in 1996) â–ºPreparation of nano-gallium nitride microcrystals by benzene thermal method (1997) The first solvothermal synthesis technology, for the first time, a gallium nitride crystallite with a particle size of 30 nm was fabricated at around 300 °C. . (The paper was published in Science, 1997) â–º Growth of carbon nanotube arrays on silicon substrates (1998). This successful development has greatly promoted the application of carbon nanotubes in nanodevices. (Presented at the International Nano Conference in 1998) â–ºDevelopment of quasi-one-dimensional nanowires and nanocables (1998) The combination of sol and carbon reduction methods and nanodroplet epitaxy was used to synthesize TaC nanowire wrap for the first time. The insulator SiO2, the graphite nano-cable, and the nano-wire wrapped SiO2 nano-cable. (Presented at the International Nano Conference in 1998) â–ºPreparation of Nanodiamond Powder by Catalytic Pyrolysis (1998) The Journal of Chemical and Engineering News published a paper entitled “Straws Become Gold†– Made from Carbon Tetrachloride (CCL4) The article "Diamonds" was highly praised. (The paper was published in "Science" in 1998) â–º The first discovery of "rich copper phase" (March 1999) Zhang Xiangyi, Ph.D., Yanshan University, China, discovered a crystal called "rich copper phase" in nano-soft magnetic materials. substance. This crystalline substance was first discovered in the world by international authorities. â–ºMajor achievements in research on “organic nano-functional materials†(October 2000) Professor Zhang Wanjin and Professor Wang Ce from the Department of Chemistry of Jilin University successfully obtained electroactive organic molecules with a length of 20 nm and an average diameter of 16-50. Nanofibers and rigid cyclic molecules with a pore size of 1-2 nm. (3) Key units Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Research in nanomaterials and nanotechnology mainly includes open laboratory of vacuum physics, state key laboratory of surface physics, national key laboratory of magnetism, and nanomaterials and mesophysical laboratories. Under the leadership of the researchers, they made breakthroughs in the synthesis of carbon nanotube arrays. In 1996, the world's first successful preparation of gel-based carbon nanotube arrays. In 1998, the world's longest "super-fiber" carbon nanotubes were synthesized, creating a "3 mm world's best". Carbon nanotubes are 1-2 orders of magnitude longer than existing carbon nanotubes. In 2000, the world's finest carbon nanotubes were synthesized. The Institute of Solid State Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences mainly studies the design and synthesis of nanostructure systems, develops cutting-edge preparation techniques, synthesizes quasi-one-dimensional nanomaterials and various low-dimensional array systems, heterogeneous nanoparticles, mesoporous solid assembly systems, and artificial surface of nanoparticles. Cutting, nano-composites and nano-ceramic materials, microstructure, thermodynamics and interface nano-chemistry, nano-material scale production and application research. Institute of Metal Research, Shenyang Institute of Metals, Chinese Academy of Sciences Research in the field of nanotechnology mainly includes the Lu Ke Group of the State Key Laboratory of Rapidly Solidified Non-Balanced Alloys and the Cheng Mingming Group of Materials Bionics and Advanced Carbon Materials Research Office. For the first time in the world, the Luke Group directly discovered the superplastic extension properties of nano-metals - nano-copper can extend more than 50 times at room temperature and "not compromised." The Chenghuiming group synthesized high-quality single-walled carbon nanotube materials, making China's new hydrogen storage materials research leap to the world's advanced level. Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Mainly engaged in nanotechnology research and development of nanotechnology young laboratories, organic solids open laboratory and national key laboratory of engineering plastics. The young laboratory led by Academician Bai Chunli successfully developed the computer-controlled STM, China's first atomic force microscope (AFM), laser atomic force microscope, low-temperature scanning tunnel micro-mirror and ballistic electron-emitting microscope. Researcher Zhu Bendao studied the chemical and physics of fullerenes. Jiang Lei researchers successfully developed binary synergistic nano-interface materials. Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences The Institute of State Physics of Infrared Physics is mainly engaged in the research of semiconductor nanostructure infrared photoelectron, ferroelectric nanostructure research and nano stealth technology in nanomaterial research. In the research of semiconductor nanostructures, the quantum optics of quantum wells, quantum wires and quantum dots have been studied, and quantum well infrared detectors have been developed. In the research of ferroelectric nanostructures, ferroelectric thin film nanolayer growth and ferroelectrics have been studied. Infrared detectors operating at room temperature in thin film nanostructures; invisible materials and test systems for infrared and millimeter waves are mainly studied in nano stealth technology. At the same time, the photoelectric properties of condensed matter nanoparticles such as semiconductor ferroelectrics were also studied. The Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences relies on its advantages in the research of ceramic materials. Recently, it has also achieved innovative results in the research of superplasticity of ceramic fatigue fractures. The preparation and agglomeration of nano-zirconia powders have been developed, and high-dispersion nano-sized Batch preparation technology of zirconia powder. The research of ceramic/ceramic nanocomposites, nano metal particles/ceramic matrix composites and organic polymer/ceramic nanocomposites was carried out. The nano-semiconductor/zirconia composite thin films were prepared by Sol-gel method. Peking University established the “Peking University Nano Science and Technology Research Center†in 1997. It has five laboratories. Professor Gu Zhennan, who is involved in nanomaterials, used arc method to prepare single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and made them short. The colloid of SWCNT. In the first half of 1999, the research team led by Xue Zengquan from the Department of Electronics first set up single-walled carbon nanotubes on metal surfaces in the world and assembled the world's finest and best-performing probes for scanning tunneling microscopes. In August 2000, Professor Xue Zengquan's static film with large molecular order in the laboratory synthesized the information storage capacity by 100 times, paving the way for the center's high-density information storage research to go into industrialization. In the aspect of nanomaterials, Tsinghua University mainly uses nano-powder or nano-enhanced micron powder to make various structural ceramic parts with high mechanical strength and toughness. It is made of nano-structured ceramic powder and bio-ceramic powder to make artificial ceramic joints. Artificial bone, using the photocatalytic effect of nano-TiO2 powder, treating sewage containing heavy metal ions such as Cr6+ and exhaust gas containing high molecular organic matter, and applying nano-particle film of semiconductor material such as TiO2 to the treatment of polluted air and sewage. For the first time in the world, Fan Shoushan's research group used carbon nanotubes to limit the reaction to form a one-dimensional nanoscale structure of other materials. In 1997, a gallium nitride one-dimensional nanocrystal was prepared. Fudan University Fudan University has been studying molecular electronics since 1989 and later developed into the field of nanoelectronics and plastic electronics. In the research of non-silicon integrated circuits with 20 nm line width, the materials of plastic substrates, memories and organic nanowires have been solved, and all have national invention patents. Blu-ray DVD nano-storage materials that have been made available for high definition television (HDTV) video recorders have recently received US invention patents and Japanese invention patents. It has also found a variety of single organic materials that can be used in molecular computer logic gates. The conductivity changes before and after switching can reach 1 million, and national patents have been declared for leading technologies. In the research and development of nanomaterials, there are nano-powder-based ceramic composite materials preparation and processing, nano-powder-filled invisible, wear-resistant, weather-resistant and other special coatings, as well as the development of functional composites combining inorganic and polymer. In 2000, Fudan University Nanotechnology Development Center was established, and Professor Hua Zhongyi was the director of the center. East China University of Science and Technology The research institutes of nanotechnology mainly include the Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Ultrafine Materials of the Ministry of Education (Institute of Technical and Chemical Physics), the National Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center, the Institute of Biomaterials and the Institute of Industrial Photocatalysis. His research interests include nanomaterial synthesis and assembly, dispersion and processing, high surface materials and functional nanomaterials, among which functional nanomaterials include nano-organisms and medicines, nano-inorganic/polymer composites, nanocatalytic materials, nano-powder materials, etc. . The only domestic 15KW atmospheric pressure microwave plasma nanoparticle preparation device has been established. Ultrafine particulate materials and nanoparticle material combustion synthesis reactors, as well as nanoparticle material reactors were designed. The research on the wrapping of various organic materials and different chain length polymers on the surface of nano-materials, with the goal of “National “Ninth Five-Year Plan†key project “Chemical fiber titanium white product industrial preparation technology developmentâ€, solved the problem caused by chemical fiber titanium white drying Coarse particle and water dispersion problems. East China Normal University As early as 1990, the "Nanomaterials Research Coordination Group" was jointly established by the Department of Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Electronic Technology and Computer Science. It has now developed into the "Center for Nano Functional Materials and Devices Application Research in East China Normal University". For more than ten years, based on the research on nano-crystallite materials and magnetic impedance effects of the national climbing plan, the development of magnetic sensitive and integrated nano-magnetic sensors has been used in automotive speed measurement, ignition and industrial automation. Listed as a national key new product in 1999. In addition, the nanocarbon-based composite film has been prepared in batches at a lower temperature (550 ° C) by CVD method, and a dot matrix field emission cathode is prepared. The emission threshold is 600-700 volts, and under high vacuum conditions, it is observed. The luminescence performance is stable and the repeatability is good. Now we have cooperated with relevant factories in Shanghai to carry out industrialization of flat panel displays. Shanghai Jiaotong University is mainly engaged in research work in nanoelectronics, nanocomposites, nanobiology, and medicine. Successfully developed a flat, logically integrated single-electron transistor that has reached the international advanced level; and successfully developed nanoelectronics devices and integrated system feature simulation software. Secondly, a variety of polymer-based nanocomposites have been successfully developed, and a new technology for the preparation of various nanocomposite functional materials has been established and developed. In combination with the current modernization goals of the country, research on traditional Chinese medicine nanotechnology, nano drug transport technology and nano biological diagnostic reagents. In addition, the super-hard film material has been developed with a hardness of 40-50 Gpa and high toughness. Substantial progress has been made in the nanocrystallization of traditional steels and related modifications and upgrades. Nanjing University In 1998, Nanjing University established the Nanotechnology Research Center and established several laboratories. The innovative work carried out includes the microstructure of magnetic particle film and magneto-optical, magnetoresistance effect, interlayer coupling and magnetic effect of multilayer film, silicon-based luminescent material, microwave plasma process for preparation of nano-material and its heterogeneous catalysis. Function and so on. Sichuan University of Sichuan University has researched nano-artificial bones, forming nano-bone apatite crystals and polyamide polymers to form a complex, and the nano-crystal content is adjusted to the same proportion as that of human bones. It is a brand new Replacement materials will replace existing materials such as cold metal and fragile plastic.
Figure 1 China's nano-research power distribution Figure 2 Distribution of China's nano-research and development power (2) System distribution China's researchers engaged in nano-materials and nano-technology are mainly concentrated in institutions of higher learning and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. These two parts of research force account for more than 90% of the total R&D strength; Researchers are engaged in the research and development of nanomaterials and nanotechnology, but the strength is very weak, accounting for only 5% of the total, and most of them focus on the application development of nanomaterials (mainly in the surface modification of products) and nanomaterial preparation. (See Figure 2) (3) Personnel structure There are more than 4,500 researchers in nanomaterials and nanotechnology in China, and the age structure is relatively reasonable, which has formed a situation in which the proportion of the old, middle and young generations is coordinated (see Figure 3). Among them, there are about 500 old-generation scientists, about 1,800 middle-aged scientists, and about 2,200 young researchers. Moreover, the academic background of these researchers is also very good, more than 70% of the researchers have master's degree or above, about 30% with doctoral and senior titles, 40% with master's and intermediate titles, and 30% others. (See Figure 4). Figure 3 China Nano Research Force Figure 4 Distribution of China's nano-research powers 2. Key units and main achievements (1) Research areas Figure 5 China's nano-research and development power distribution The research fields of nanomaterials and nanotechnology in China are mainly concentrated in materials, chemistry, physics, information, and life. (See Figure 5.) The research of nanomaterials is mainly based on metal and inorganic non-metallic nanomaterials, accounting for about 80%. In addition, polymers and chemical synthetic materials are also an important aspect, and new breakthroughs are continuously made. Nanostructured materials mainly focus on nanocrystals, nanopowders, nanofilms, nanopowder materials, nanomaterial modification, nanomaterial toughening enhancement, nanostructure and nanometer properties, etc.; nanofunctional materials focus on nano-information materials, nanometers Environmental materials, nano-sensing materials, and materials properties in thermal, electrical, optical, and magnetic environments. Beijing-centered North Nano Research and Development Center, the main research areas include: carbon nanotubes, nano-magnetic liquid materials, nano-semiconductors, nano-stealth materials, high-polymer nanocomposites, nano-interface materials, nano-functional coatings, nano-materials Preparation technology, nano-functional film; Shanghai-centered Southern Nano Research and Development Center, in the fields of nanomedicine, nanoelectronics, nano-micro-machinery, nano-bio, nano-materials, nanomaterials preparation and application and industrialization, etc. Strong advantages and development potential. Further research found that more than half of the research and development strength of nanomaterials in China is concentrated in the field of nanomaterials with less technical requirements, while the strength of nanoelectronics and nanobiomedicine is weak. This not only provides strong technical support for the development of China's nano-materials industry, but will also lead to the disadvantage of China's overall technology level in the future competition. (2) Significant Achievements The main scientific research achievements of nanomaterials and nanotechnology in China are almost all in the system of Chinese Academy of Sciences and higher education institutions. However, most of the research and development of nanomaterials and nanotechnology are concentrated in the application development of nanomaterials ( Mainly in terms of surface modification of the product) and in the preparation of nanomaterials. This shows that institutions of higher learning and the Chinese Academy of Sciences are still the source of innovation for nanomaterials and nanotechnology in China. Here are a few examples of influential China's nanotechnology achievements. â–º Large-area oriented carbon tube array synthesis (1996) This pure carbon nanotube synthesized by the chemical vapor phase high-efficiency preparation technology has the same diameter and diameter. 20μm, length 100μm, array area 3mm × 3mm, is expected to have important application prospects in flat panel display and field emission cathode. (The results were published in the American Science in 1996) â–ºPreparation of nano-gallium nitride microcrystals by benzene thermal method (1997) The first solvothermal synthesis technology, for the first time, a gallium nitride crystallite with a particle size of 30 nm was fabricated at around 300 °C. . (The paper was published in Science, 1997) â–º Growth of carbon nanotube arrays on silicon substrates (1998). This successful development has greatly promoted the application of carbon nanotubes in nanodevices. (Presented at the International Nano Conference in 1998) â–ºDevelopment of quasi-one-dimensional nanowires and nanocables (1998) The combination of sol and carbon reduction methods and nanodroplet epitaxy was used to synthesize TaC nanowire wrap for the first time. The insulator SiO2, the graphite nano-cable, and the nano-wire wrapped SiO2 nano-cable. (Presented at the International Nano Conference in 1998) â–ºPreparation of Nanodiamond Powder by Catalytic Pyrolysis (1998) The Journal of Chemical and Engineering News published a paper entitled “Straws Become Gold†– Made from Carbon Tetrachloride (CCL4) The article "Diamonds" was highly praised. (The paper was published in "Science" in 1998) â–º The first discovery of "rich copper phase" (March 1999) Zhang Xiangyi, Ph.D., Yanshan University, China, discovered a crystal called "rich copper phase" in nano-soft magnetic materials. substance. This crystalline substance was first discovered in the world by international authorities. â–ºMajor achievements in research on “organic nano-functional materials†(October 2000) Professor Zhang Wanjin and Professor Wang Ce from the Department of Chemistry of Jilin University successfully obtained electroactive organic molecules with a length of 20 nm and an average diameter of 16-50. Nanofibers and rigid cyclic molecules with a pore size of 1-2 nm. (3) Key units Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Research in nanomaterials and nanotechnology mainly includes open laboratory of vacuum physics, state key laboratory of surface physics, national key laboratory of magnetism, and nanomaterials and mesophysical laboratories. Under the leadership of the researchers, they made breakthroughs in the synthesis of carbon nanotube arrays. In 1996, the world's first successful preparation of gel-based carbon nanotube arrays. In 1998, the world's longest "super-fiber" carbon nanotubes were synthesized, creating a "3 mm world's best". Carbon nanotubes are 1-2 orders of magnitude longer than existing carbon nanotubes. In 2000, the world's finest carbon nanotubes were synthesized. The Institute of Solid State Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences mainly studies the design and synthesis of nanostructure systems, develops cutting-edge preparation techniques, synthesizes quasi-one-dimensional nanomaterials and various low-dimensional array systems, heterogeneous nanoparticles, mesoporous solid assembly systems, and artificial surface of nanoparticles. Cutting, nano-composites and nano-ceramic materials, microstructure, thermodynamics and interface nano-chemistry, nano-material scale production and application research. Institute of Metal Research, Shenyang Institute of Metals, Chinese Academy of Sciences Research in the field of nanotechnology mainly includes the Lu Ke Group of the State Key Laboratory of Rapidly Solidified Non-Balanced Alloys and the Cheng Mingming Group of Materials Bionics and Advanced Carbon Materials Research Office. For the first time in the world, the Luke Group directly discovered the superplastic extension properties of nano-metals - nano-copper can extend more than 50 times at room temperature and "not compromised." The Chenghuiming group synthesized high-quality single-walled carbon nanotube materials, making China's new hydrogen storage materials research leap to the world's advanced level. Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Mainly engaged in nanotechnology research and development of nanotechnology young laboratories, organic solids open laboratory and national key laboratory of engineering plastics. The young laboratory led by Academician Bai Chunli successfully developed the computer-controlled STM, China's first atomic force microscope (AFM), laser atomic force microscope, low-temperature scanning tunnel micro-mirror and ballistic electron-emitting microscope. Researcher Zhu Bendao studied the chemical and physics of fullerenes. Jiang Lei researchers successfully developed binary synergistic nano-interface materials. Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences The Institute of State Physics of Infrared Physics is mainly engaged in the research of semiconductor nanostructure infrared photoelectron, ferroelectric nanostructure research and nano stealth technology in nanomaterial research. In the research of semiconductor nanostructures, the quantum optics of quantum wells, quantum wires and quantum dots have been studied, and quantum well infrared detectors have been developed. In the research of ferroelectric nanostructures, ferroelectric thin film nanolayer growth and ferroelectrics have been studied. Infrared detectors operating at room temperature in thin film nanostructures; invisible materials and test systems for infrared and millimeter waves are mainly studied in nano stealth technology. At the same time, the photoelectric properties of condensed matter nanoparticles such as semiconductor ferroelectrics were also studied. The Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences relies on its advantages in the research of ceramic materials. Recently, it has also achieved innovative results in the research of superplasticity of ceramic fatigue fractures. The preparation and agglomeration of nano-zirconia powders have been developed, and high-dispersion nano-sized Batch preparation technology of zirconia powder. The research of ceramic/ceramic nanocomposites, nano metal particles/ceramic matrix composites and organic polymer/ceramic nanocomposites was carried out. The nano-semiconductor/zirconia composite thin films were prepared by Sol-gel method. Peking University established the “Peking University Nano Science and Technology Research Center†in 1997. It has five laboratories. Professor Gu Zhennan, who is involved in nanomaterials, used arc method to prepare single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and made them short. The colloid of SWCNT. In the first half of 1999, the research team led by Xue Zengquan from the Department of Electronics first set up single-walled carbon nanotubes on metal surfaces in the world and assembled the world's finest and best-performing probes for scanning tunneling microscopes. In August 2000, Professor Xue Zengquan's static film with large molecular order in the laboratory synthesized the information storage capacity by 100 times, paving the way for the center's high-density information storage research to go into industrialization. In the aspect of nanomaterials, Tsinghua University mainly uses nano-powder or nano-enhanced micron powder to make various structural ceramic parts with high mechanical strength and toughness. It is made of nano-structured ceramic powder and bio-ceramic powder to make artificial ceramic joints. Artificial bone, using the photocatalytic effect of nano-TiO2 powder, treating sewage containing heavy metal ions such as Cr6+ and exhaust gas containing high molecular organic matter, and applying nano-particle film of semiconductor material such as TiO2 to the treatment of polluted air and sewage. For the first time in the world, Fan Shoushan's research group used carbon nanotubes to limit the reaction to form a one-dimensional nanoscale structure of other materials. In 1997, a gallium nitride one-dimensional nanocrystal was prepared. Fudan University Fudan University has been studying molecular electronics since 1989 and later developed into the field of nanoelectronics and plastic electronics. In the research of non-silicon integrated circuits with 20 nm line width, the materials of plastic substrates, memories and organic nanowires have been solved, and all have national invention patents. Blu-ray DVD nano-storage materials that have been made available for high definition television (HDTV) video recorders have recently received US invention patents and Japanese invention patents. It has also found a variety of single organic materials that can be used in molecular computer logic gates. The conductivity changes before and after switching can reach 1 million, and national patents have been declared for leading technologies. In the research and development of nanomaterials, there are nano-powder-based ceramic composite materials preparation and processing, nano-powder-filled invisible, wear-resistant, weather-resistant and other special coatings, as well as the development of functional composites combining inorganic and polymer. In 2000, Fudan University Nanotechnology Development Center was established, and Professor Hua Zhongyi was the director of the center. East China University of Science and Technology The research institutes of nanotechnology mainly include the Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Ultrafine Materials of the Ministry of Education (Institute of Technical and Chemical Physics), the National Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center, the Institute of Biomaterials and the Institute of Industrial Photocatalysis. His research interests include nanomaterial synthesis and assembly, dispersion and processing, high surface materials and functional nanomaterials, among which functional nanomaterials include nano-organisms and medicines, nano-inorganic/polymer composites, nanocatalytic materials, nano-powder materials, etc. . The only domestic 15KW atmospheric pressure microwave plasma nanoparticle preparation device has been established. Ultrafine particulate materials and nanoparticle material combustion synthesis reactors, as well as nanoparticle material reactors were designed. The research on the wrapping of various organic materials and different chain length polymers on the surface of nano-materials, with the goal of “National “Ninth Five-Year Plan†key project “Chemical fiber titanium white product industrial preparation technology developmentâ€, solved the problem caused by chemical fiber titanium white drying Coarse particle and water dispersion problems. East China Normal University As early as 1990, the "Nanomaterials Research Coordination Group" was jointly established by the Department of Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Electronic Technology and Computer Science. It has now developed into the "Center for Nano Functional Materials and Devices Application Research in East China Normal University". For more than ten years, based on the research on nano-crystallite materials and magnetic impedance effects of the national climbing plan, the development of magnetic sensitive and integrated nano-magnetic sensors has been used in automotive speed measurement, ignition and industrial automation. Listed as a national key new product in 1999. In addition, the nanocarbon-based composite film has been prepared in batches at a lower temperature (550 ° C) by CVD method, and a dot matrix field emission cathode is prepared. The emission threshold is 600-700 volts, and under high vacuum conditions, it is observed. The luminescence performance is stable and the repeatability is good. Now we have cooperated with relevant factories in Shanghai to carry out industrialization of flat panel displays. Shanghai Jiaotong University is mainly engaged in research work in nanoelectronics, nanocomposites, nanobiology, and medicine. Successfully developed a flat, logically integrated single-electron transistor that has reached the international advanced level; and successfully developed nanoelectronics devices and integrated system feature simulation software. Secondly, a variety of polymer-based nanocomposites have been successfully developed, and a new technology for the preparation of various nanocomposite functional materials has been established and developed. In combination with the current modernization goals of the country, research on traditional Chinese medicine nanotechnology, nano drug transport technology and nano biological diagnostic reagents. In addition, the super-hard film material has been developed with a hardness of 40-50 Gpa and high toughness. Substantial progress has been made in the nanocrystallization of traditional steels and related modifications and upgrades. Nanjing University In 1998, Nanjing University established the Nanotechnology Research Center and established several laboratories. The innovative work carried out includes the microstructure of magnetic particle film and magneto-optical, magnetoresistance effect, interlayer coupling and magnetic effect of multilayer film, silicon-based luminescent material, microwave plasma process for preparation of nano-material and its heterogeneous catalysis. Function and so on. Sichuan University of Sichuan University has researched nano-artificial bones, forming nano-bone apatite crystals and polyamide polymers to form a complex, and the nano-crystal content is adjusted to the same proportion as that of human bones. 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