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Shaft parts processing technology
Source: Bearing network time: 2014-02-27
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The length to diameter ratio of the shaft is less than 5 is called the short axis; the larger than 20 is called the elongated shaft; most of the axes are between the two.
The shaft is supported by bearings; the shaft segments that cooperate with the bearings are called journals. The journals are the mounting reference for the shaft; their accuracy and appearance quality are usually high; their skill requirements are usually based on the primary function and working conditions of the shaft; usually There are the following items:
(1) Scale accuracy The journal of the supporting effect is used to determine the orientation of the shaft; usually its dimensional accuracy is high (IT5~IT7). The accuracy of the journal dimension of the mounted transmission component is usually low (IT6~IT9).
(2) Several shape accuracy The shape accuracy of the shaft parts mainly refers to the roundness, cylindricity, etc. of the journal, the outer cone, the Morse cone, etc.; the public service should normally be constrained within the scale of public service. For the surface of the table with high precision requirements; the error should be indicated on the drawing.
(3) Azimuth accuracy of each axis The azimuth accuracy requirement of the shaft parts is mainly determined by the orientation and function of the shaft in the machine. Generally, the coaxiality of the journal of the mounting gear to the bearing journal should be ensured; otherwise, the transmission will be affected. Transmission accuracy of parts (gears, etc.); and noise. Normally accurate shaft; the radial runout of the cooperative shaft to the bearing journal is usually 0. 01~0. 03mm; the high precision shaft (such as the main shaft) is usually 0. 001~0.005mm.
(4) The surface roughness of the outer diameter of the shaft is usually Ra2. 5~0. 63μm; the surface roughness of the bearing shaft diameter coordinated with the bearing is Ra0. 63~0. 16μm.
2. Blanks and data of shaft parts (1) The blank shaft parts of shaft parts can be used according to the application requirements, production type, equipment conditions and layout; the blanks, forgings and other blank methods are used. The diameter of the outer circle is not much different. Axis; usually based on bar material, and stepped shaft or important shaft with large difference in diameter of outer circle; forgings are often used; this saves data and reduces the workload of machining; it can also improve mechanical functions.
According to the scale of production; the casting method of blanks is free forging and die forging. The small and medium batch production is mostly free forging; the large batch is used for die forging.
(2) Information on shaft parts The shaft parts should be selected according to different working conditions and application requirements, and different heat treatment standards (such as quenching, normalizing, quenching, etc.) should be selected to obtain a certain strength. , resistance and wear resistance.
45 steel is a common material for shaft parts; it is cheaper to pass the quenching and tempering (or normalizing); it can get better cutting function; and it can achieve higher strength and durability and other mechanical functions; the hardness after quenching can be Up to 45~52HRC.
40Cr and other alloy layout steels are suitable for shaft parts with medium precision and high speed; after being quenched and tempered, these steels have better inductive mechanical functions.
Bearing steel GCr15 and spring steel 65Mn; after quenching and tempering and surface induction hardening; appearance hardness can reach 50~58HRC; and has high fatigue resistance and good wear resistance; can produce high precision shaft.
The spindle of the fine machine tool (such as grinding wheel shaft and coordinate boring machine spindle) can be used with 38CrMoAIA nitrided steel. This steel can be tempered and externally nitrided; it can not only achieve high surface hardness, but also adhere to the soft core. Therefore, the impact resistance is good. Compared with carburized and quenched steel; it has heat treatment deformation. It catches the damselfly milk. First, the function, layout characteristics and skill requirements of the shaft parts are typical of the machine. One of the parts. It is primarily used to support the transmission components; to transmit torque and to accept loads. The shaft parts are rotating body parts; their length is larger than the diameter; usually the outer cylindrical surface, conical surface, inner hole and thread of the concentric shaft and corresponding The end face is composed of different shapes according to the layout; the shaft parts can be divided into optical axis, stepped shaft, hollow shaft and crankshaft.
The length to diameter ratio of the shaft is less than 5 is called the short axis; the larger than 20 is called the elongated shaft; most of the axes are between the two.
The shaft is supported by bearings; the shaft segments that cooperate with the bearings are called journals. The journals are the mounting reference for the shaft; their accuracy and appearance quality are usually high; their skill requirements are usually based on the primary function and working conditions of the shaft; usually There are the following items:
(1) Scale accuracy The journal of the supporting effect is used to determine the orientation of the shaft; usually its dimensional accuracy is high (IT5~IT7). The accuracy of the journal dimension of the mounted transmission component is usually low (IT6~IT9).
(2) Several shape accuracy The shape accuracy of the shaft parts mainly refers to the roundness, cylindricity, etc. of the journal, the outer cone, the Morse cone, etc.; the public service should normally be constrained within the scale of public service. For the surface of the table with high precision requirements; the error should be indicated on the drawing.
(3) Azimuth accuracy of each axis The azimuth accuracy requirement of the shaft parts is mainly determined by the orientation and function of the shaft in the machine. Generally, the coaxiality of the journal of the mounting gear to the bearing journal should be ensured; otherwise, the transmission will be affected. Transmission accuracy of parts (gears, etc.); and noise. Normally accurate shaft; the radial runout of the cooperative shaft to the bearing journal is usually 0. 01~0. 03mm; the high precision shaft (such as the main shaft) is usually 0. 001~0.005mm.
(4) The surface roughness of the outer diameter of the shaft is usually Ra2. 5~0. 63μm; the surface roughness of the bearing shaft diameter coordinated with the bearing is Ra0. 63~0. 16μm.
2. Blanks and data of shaft parts (1) The blank shaft parts of shaft parts can be used according to the application requirements, production type, equipment conditions and layout; the blanks, forgings and other blank methods are used. The diameter of the outer circle is not much different. Axis; usually based on bar material, and stepped shaft or important shaft with large difference in diameter of outer circle; forgings are often used; this saves data and reduces the workload of machining; it can also improve mechanical functions.
According to the scale of production; the casting method of blanks is free forging and die forging. The small and medium batch production is mostly free forging; the large batch is used for die forging.
(2) Information on shaft parts The shaft parts should be selected according to different working conditions and application requirements, and different heat treatment standards (such as quenching, normalizing, quenching, etc.) should be selected to obtain a certain strength. , resistance and wear resistance.
45 steel is a common material for shaft parts; it is cheaper to pass the quenching and tempering (or normalizing); it can get better cutting function; and it can achieve higher strength and durability and other mechanical functions; the hardness after quenching can be Up to 45~52HRC.
40Cr and other alloy layout steels are suitable for shaft parts with medium precision and high speed; after being quenched and tempered, these steels have better inductive mechanical functions.
Bearing steel GCr15 and spring steel 65Mn; after quenching and tempering and surface induction hardening; appearance hardness can reach 50~58HRC; and has high fatigue resistance and good wear resistance; can produce high precision shaft.
The spindle of the fine machine tool (such as grinding wheel shaft and coordinate boring machine spindle) can be used with 38CrMoAIA nitrided steel. This steel can be tempered and externally nitrided; it can not only achieve high surface hardness, but also adhere to the soft core. Therefore, the impact resistance is good. Compared with carburized and quenched steel; it has heat treatment deformation.
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