Occupational Diseases List of Occupational Radioactive Diseases

1, external radiation acute radiation sickness

It refers to a systemic disease that is caused by a large dose of external irradiation in a fraction of a short time (a few days).

Prevention: Long-term ray work, pay attention to possible long-term effects, and deal with them accordingly.

2. External exposure to subacute radiation sickness

The long-term exposure of radiation workers or non-radioactive workers.

3, external exposure to chronic radiation sickness

Exogenous chronic radiation sickness refers to the whole body external irradiation that is continuously or repeatedly intermittently subjected to overdosed equivalent limits over a long period of time. After a certain cumulative dose equivalent is reached, the system is dominated by hematopoietic tissue damage and is accompanied by other systemic changes. Sexual diseases belong to the category of occupational diseases.

Prevention: Long-term ray work, pay attention to possible long-term effects. Precautionary measures are: buildings and equipment for radiation work should meet the requirements for safety protection; operational regulations and safety regulations should be worked out; personnel engaged in radiation work should undergo professional training, and should strictly observe the operating procedures and protective systems; health care should be established The system shall conduct regular physical examinations before and after employment in accordance with the health standards of radiation workers, strengthen nutrition and physical exercise to enhance physical fitness, and have nutrient allowances and leave; health manuals shall be established, health personnel and supervision agencies shall be established to ensure various Execution of preventive measures; radiologists should take prophylactics and prepare for necessary protection before performing pre-planned exposures to the limits of overdosed equivalents.

4, internal radiation sickness

Long-term over-accumulation of radionuclides in the body can cause chronic internal radiation sickness.
prevention:
1 Workers engaged in radiotherapy should strengthen personal protection to prevent radionuclides from entering the body.
2 For patients undergoing radiotherapy, they must strictly grasp the indications of radiotherapy, reasonably design the irradiation method, and formulate the correct irradiation dose.
3 Workers exposed to internal radionuclides may be required to perform personal protection work to prevent radionuclides from entering the body.
4 Radioactive workers should perform physical examination once a year before and during the post, and emergency health examinations are needed when necessary. Those who find out about occupational contraindications should ban or disassociate themselves from radioactive work.

5, radioactive skin diseases

Radioactive dermatosis is skin damage caused by radiation (mainly X-ray, beta ray, gamma ray and radioactive isotope).

prevention:
Time protection

The dose of radiation to the human body is proportional to the exposure time. The longer the irradiation time, the more doses absorbed and the greater the damage to the body. Therefore, reducing the length of stay of personnel in the radiation field can provide protection. In some special circumstances, when personnel have to work in a high dose rate environment, the individual's operating time should be strictly limited so that the dose received is controlled at an appropriate level.

Distance protection

For point sources, the dose received by the human body is inversely proportional to the square of the distance when the absorption of air is not considered. That is, the distance is doubled and the dose is reduced to 1/4. Therefore, the distance between the human body and the radiation source should be increased as much as possible. , such as remote operation or using appropriate tools.

Shield protection

In actual work, only the two factors of time and distance are used to adjust, which often have certain limitations. In order to obtain better protection effect, it is also necessary to set a certain shielding body between the radiation source and the person to reduce and eliminate the damage to human body caused by radiation.

For different radiation, appropriate shielding materials should be used for shielding and shielding. Most of the radiation that needs to be shielded is X-rays and gamma rays, and there are many materials for shielding the two rays. According to the nature of the material can be divided into two categories: one is a high atomic number of metal materials, such as lead, iron, etc., and the other is a general building materials, such as concrete, brick, soil and so on.

Personal protection

Open source work must be based on the nature of the work, with different personal protective equipment, such as gloves, work clothes, protective shoes, hats and so on.

6, radioactive tumors

A radioactive tumor is a malignant tumor that occurs after exposure to ionizing radiation and has a certain degree of etiological connection to the radiation.

7, radioactive bone damage

A series of metabolic and clinical pathological changes in the bone tissue caused by external irradiation of the body or local body once or for a short period of time, or long-term multiple exposures exceeding the dose equivalent limit is called radioactive bone injury.
prevention:
(1) Strengthen safety management to prevent radioactive accidents, so as to avoid radioactive bone damage.

2 In order to prevent and reduce radiation-induced bone damage, radioactive workers should usually be given a diet rich in calcium and protein, and pay attention to proper exercise to promote bone health.

(3) Radiological workers must perform physical examinations once a year before and during the post, and emergency health examinations are necessary when necessary. Any person who finds a contraindication in employment shall ban or leave radioactivity.

8, radioactive thyroid disease

Radioactive thyroid disease refers to the primary or secondary thyroid function or/and organic changes caused by ionizing radiation acting on the thyroid or/and other tissues of the body by internal and/or external irradiation.

9, radioactive gland disease

Radioactive infertility (radiation induced infertility). Infertility caused by certain doses of radiation on the gonads is called radioactive infertility. According to the dose size is divided into temporary and permanent infertility.

10. Radiation injury

It means that the human body suffers radiation damage and one or more non-radioactive injuries (such as burns, impact injuries, etc.) at the same time or in succession. It is called a radiation compound injury.
11. Other radioactive lesions that can be diagnosed according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Occupational Radioactive Diseases (General).

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