First, the nutritional characteristics of potatoes, also known as potatoes, are high-starch tuber crops, growth period seedling stage, tuber formation and growth period, starch accumulation period. During the whole growth period, the potato absorbs the most potassium fertilizer, followed by nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer. The need for nutrients in different growth stages has different characteristics. In the seedling stage, because the tubers are rich in nutrients, they need less nutrients, accounting for about 1/4 of the total growth period. During tuber formation and growth, the growth of stems and leaves in the shoots and the expansion of tubers occur simultaneously, requiring more fertilizer, accounting for about 1/2 of the total fertilizer requirement. During the starch accumulation period, it needs less nutrients, accounting for about 1/4 of the total growth period. It can be seen that the supply of nutrients in tuber formation and growth period is sufficient, which plays an important role in increasing potato yield and starch content.
The potato has strong growth adaptability and can be planted all over the country. The general growth period is 90-110 days. For every 1000 kg of potato produced, it needs to absorb 3.5-5.5 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus (P2O5) 2.0-2.2 kg, potassium (K2O). 10.6-12.0 kg, N: P2O5: K2O is 4.5:2.1:11.3, or 1:0.5:2. If 1,500 kg of potato per mu is produced, the average nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorption should be 7, 3, and 17 kg. Nitrogen can promote the growth of stems and leaves and the accumulation of starch and protein in tubers. Phosphorus promotes plant growth and robustness, improves tuber quality and storability, and increases starch content and yield. Potassium promotes the accumulation of tuber starch in the late growth stage of potato, and enhances the disease resistance and cold tolerance of the plant. In addition, the potato is sensitive to boron and zinc. Boron is beneficial to the expansion of the potato block and prevent cracking, which has a special effect on improving the net photosynthetic productivity of the plant.
Second, fertilization technology
The fertilization technology of potato should follow the principle of relying mainly on farmyard manure, supplemented by chemical fertilizers, based on base fertilizer and appropriate topdressing.
Reapply the base fertilizer. Potatoes are tuber crops that prefer loose sandy soils that require a cool climate. The amount of base fertilizer generally accounts for more than 2/3 of the total fertilization amount. The base fertilizer is mainly based on fully decomposed farmyard manure, and a certain amount of chemical fertilizer is added, especially the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer as the base fertilizer, which can improve the physical properties of the soil and is beneficial to growth and Potatoes. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer accounts for about 50%. The application method of the base fertilizer is applied in the ditch or hole before planting, and the depth is about 15 cm. The specific fertilization amount is about 1500 kg per mu of land, 1500-2500 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, 20 kg of urea, 20-30 kg of calcium, 10-12 kg of potassium fertilizer, or compound fertilizer 40 of high nitrogen and high potassium. -60 kg, the amount of fertilizer applied in high-yield areas can be increased appropriately. Fertilizer should be applied 2-3 cm away from the seed potato to avoid direct contact with the seed potato and cover the soil after fertilization.
Early fattening. Topdressing should be combined with the reasonable growth period of potato growth. In the seedling stage, it is necessary to apply nitrogen fertilizer. It can be combined with cultivating soil for 5-8 kg of urea per acre to help the seedlings. After the flowering of the potato, the rhizosphere topdressing is generally not carried out, especially the nitrogen fertilizer can not be applied. After the flowering of the potato, the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are mainly sprayed on the foliar surface, and 0.3-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution per acre is sprayed 50 kg. If nitrogen is deficient, it can increase 100-150 grams of urea, spray once every 10-15 days, and even spray 2-3 times. Potatoes are sensitive to boron and zinc. If the soil is deficient in boron or zinc deficiency, it can be sprayed with 0.1-0.3% borax or zinc sulfate root. Generally, it is sprayed once every 7 days, even sprayed twice, with 50 solutions per acre. -70 kg can be. In particular, farmers should be reminded that potatoes are potassium-loving crops, and special attention should be paid to the application of potash fertilizer in balanced fertilization. At the same time, it is not appropriate to apply too much chlorine-containing fertilizer, such as potassium chloride, potassium sulfate should be used, otherwise it will affect the quality of the potato.
Early fattening. Topdressing should be combined with the reasonable growth period of potato growth. In the seedling stage, it is necessary to apply nitrogen fertilizer. It can be combined with cultivating soil for 5-8 kg of urea per acre to help the seedlings. After the flowering of the potato, the rhizosphere topdressing is generally not carried out, especially the nitrogen fertilizer can not be applied. After the flowering of the potato, the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are mainly sprayed on the foliar surface, and 0.3-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution per acre is sprayed 50 kg. If nitrogen is deficient, it can increase 100-150 grams of urea, spray once every 10-15 days, and even spray 2-3 times. Potatoes are sensitive to boron and zinc. If the soil is deficient in boron or zinc deficiency, it can be sprayed with 0.1-0.3% borax or zinc sulfate root. Generally, it is sprayed once every 7 days, even sprayed twice, with 50 solutions per acre. -70 kg can be. In particular, farmers should be reminded that potatoes are potassium-loving crops, and special attention should be paid to the application of potash fertilizer in balanced fertilization. At the same time, it is not appropriate to apply too much chlorine-containing fertilizer, such as potassium chloride, potassium sulfate should be used, otherwise it will affect the quality of the potato.
Potato, also known as potato, is a high-starch tuber crop, with seedling stage, tuber formation and growth period, and starch accumulation period. During the whole growth period, the potato absorbs the most potassium fertilizer, followed by nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer. The need for nutrients in different growth stages has different characteristics. In the seedling stage, because the tubers are rich in nutrients, they need less nutrients, accounting for about 1/4 of the total growth period. During tuber formation and growth, the growth of stems and leaves in the shoots and the expansion of tubers occur simultaneously, requiring more fertilizer, accounting for about 1/2 of the total fertilizer requirement. During the starch accumulation period, it needs less nutrients, accounting for about 1/4 of the total growth period. It can be seen that the supply of nutrients in tuber formation and growth period is sufficient, which plays an important role in increasing potato yield and starch content.
The potato has strong growth adaptability and can be planted all over the country. The general growth period is 90-110 days. For every 1000 kg of potato produced, it needs to absorb 3.5-5.5 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus (P2O5) 2.0-2.2 kg, potassium (K2O). 10.6-12.0 kg, N: P2O5: K2O is 4.5:2.1:11.3, or 1:0.5:2. If 1,500 kg of potato per mu is produced, the average nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorption should be 7, 3, and 17 kg. Nitrogen can promote the growth of stems and leaves and the accumulation of starch and protein in tubers. Phosphorus promotes plant growth and robustness, improves tuber quality and storability, and increases starch content and yield. Potassium promotes the accumulation of tuber starch in the late growth stage of potato, and enhances the disease resistance and cold tolerance of the plant. In addition, the potato is sensitive to boron and zinc. Boron is beneficial to the expansion of the potato block and prevent cracking, which has a special effect on improving the net photosynthetic productivity of the plant.
The fertilization technology of potato should follow the principle of relying mainly on farmyard manure, supplemented by chemical fertilizers, based on base fertilizer and appropriate topdressing.
Reapply the base fertilizer. Potatoes are tuber crops that prefer loose sandy soils that require a cool climate. The amount of base fertilizer generally accounts for more than 2/3 of the total fertilization amount. The base fertilizer is mainly based on fully decomposed farmyard manure, and a certain amount of chemical fertilizer is added, especially the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer as the base fertilizer, which can improve the physical properties of the soil and is beneficial to growth and Potatoes. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer accounts for about 50%. The application method of the base fertilizer is applied in the ditch or hole before planting, and the depth is about 15 cm. The specific fertilization amount is about 1500 kg per mu of land, 1500-2500 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, 20 kg of urea, 20-30 kg of calcium, 10-12 kg of potassium fertilizer, or compound fertilizer 40 of high nitrogen and high potassium. -60 kg, the amount of fertilizer applied in high-yield areas can be increased appropriately. Fertilizer should be applied 2-3 cm away from the seed potato to avoid direct contact with the seed potato and cover the soil after fertilization.
Early fattening. Topdressing should be combined with the reasonable growth period of potato growth. In the seedling stage, it is necessary to apply nitrogen fertilizer. It can be combined with cultivating soil for 5-8 kg of urea per acre to help the seedlings. After the flowering of the potato, the rhizosphere topdressing is generally not carried out, especially the nitrogen fertilizer can not be applied. After the flowering of the potato, the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are mainly sprayed on the foliar surface, and 0.3-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution per acre is sprayed 50 kg. If nitrogen is deficient, it can increase 100-150 grams of urea, spray once every 10-15 days, and even spray 2-3 times. Potatoes are sensitive to boron and zinc. If the soil is deficient in boron or zinc deficiency, it can be sprayed with 0.1-0.3% borax or zinc sulfate root. Generally, it is sprayed once every 7 days, even sprayed twice, with 50 solutions per acre. -70 kg can be. In particular, farmers should be reminded that potatoes are potassium-loving crops, and special attention should be paid to the application of potash fertilizer in balanced fertilization. At the same time, it is not appropriate to apply too much chlorine-containing fertilizer, such as potassium chloride, potassium sulfate should be used, otherwise it will affect the quality of the potato.
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