1. Fertilization problems and fertilization principles
Most of the northern regions such as North China are solar greenhouses, and most of them are small and medium-sized arch sheds in central and southwestern China. There are excessive fertilization in production, the use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is high, the proportion of nutrient input is unreasonable, and the accumulation of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients is obvious. Excessive irrigation leads to serious nutrient loss, soil acidification is common, soil calcium, magnesium, boron and other elements supply obstacles, continuous cropping obstacles lead to serious soil quality degradation, nutrient absorption efficiency and vegetable quality decline, etc., the following fertilization principles are proposed:
(1) Rational application of organic fertilizer, adjustment of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; non-calcium soil and acid soils need to be supplemented with trace elements such as calcium, magnesium and boron;
(2) According to crop yield, sorghum and soil fertility conditions, rational allocation of chemical fertilizers, most of the phosphorus fertilizer application, nitrogen and potassium fertilizers; early spring growth should not be frequently topdressed, pay attention to post-flowering and late-stage topdressing;
(3) Combine with high-yield cultivation techniques, promote rooting during seedling stage, and adopt the principle of “small number of times†to rationally fertilize fertilization;
(4) The old shed with soil degradation needs to return the straw to the field or apply the organic fertilizer with high C/N ratio, reduce the application of poultry manure, increase the number of rotations, and achieve the purpose of removing salt and reducing the obstacles of continuous cropping;
(5) When the vegetable acidification is serious, an acidic soil conditioner such as lime should be applied in an appropriate amount.
2. Fertilization amount and method
(1) The seedling fertilizer is added to the decomposed organic fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer is applied. For every 10 square meters of seedbed, apply 60~100 kg of decomposed poultry manure, 0.5~1 kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizer, 0.5 kg of potassium sulfate, and spray 0.05%~0.1% urea solution 1~2 times according to the seedling condition.
(2) Applying high-quality organic fertilizer to the base fertilizer for 2~3 square meters/mu.
(3) The production level is 8000~10000 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 30~40 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 15~20 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 40~50 kg/mu.
(4) The production level is 6000~8000 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 20~30 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 10~15 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 30~35 kg/mu.
(5) The production level is 4000~6000 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 15~20 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 8~10 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 20~25 kg/mu.
When the soil pH of the vegetable field is less than 6, the calcium, magnesium and boron are easily deficient. The base can be applied with lime (calcium fertilizer) 50~75 kg/mu, magnesium sulfate (magnesium fertilizer) 4~6 kg/mu, and the root is applied 2~ 3 times 0.1% boron fertilizer.
More than 70% of the phosphate fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer (point), and the rest is applied with the compound fertilizer, 20%~30% of the nitrogen and potassium fertilizer base, 70%~80% after the flowering to the ear expansion period, 3~10 times with the water. Shi, each time the application of nitrogen fertilizer (N) does not exceed 5 kg / mu.
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