Chayote is a vegetable crop of Cucurbitaceae, which is warm and light. In China, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Fujian and other southern provinces are more planted. Local people generally eat juicy and tender melons, which are named for their melon shape. Chayote is delicious, crisp and sweet, and the melon tastes like the indigo of the north. It is rich in vitamins and mineral nutrients. In the past, it was rarely seen in the northern regions. In recent years, the Shandong region was first introduced successfully, and the planting area has been expanded year by year. Therefore, the supply in the northern market is also increasing, and it is gradually favored by consumers. Chayote is more resistant to storage and transportation. Its market supply period is also longer. It can be seen in the market from autumn harvest to April next year. It has a positive effect on enriching the vegetable market and regulating the supply of vegetables in the off-season. Chayote planting is simple and flexible. It can be planted in the courtyard or on the wall, or it can be produced on a large scale, and the production efficiency is better.
Chayote is a climbing plant, and the vine has a large degree of growth and a strong growth potential. During cultivation, attention should be paid to promoting the growth of melons and leaves in the early stage of growth, in order to lay a foundation for a large number of knots. In the open field planting, only 6 to 7 plants per acre can be planted, 200 to 500 per plant, and about 200 kilograms are harvested. The single melon weighs 300 to 350 grams and the maximum is 600 to 700 grams. Chayote is suitable for the development of garden cultivation, with a large frame for its growth. At present, some areas also make extensive use of greenhouses and large scaffolding for large-scale planting. Due to the small number of plants per acre, there are few pests and diseases in the growth and development process. Therefore, compared with other vegetables, the cultivation and management is relatively simple and convenient. In addition to proper management, rational fertilization is a key technical measure for obtaining high yield.
The roots of Chayote are more developed, but the root system is shallow, and its horizontal extent can reach 1 to 2 meters. Fertilization should be carried out in shallow soil layers, and the application rate of deep fertilizer is low. The number of plants in the muskmelon is small, and the yield per mu is based on the yield per plant. Fertilization is also applied to the fertilizer per plant. The reasonable ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be paid to improve the yield and quality of chayote. The growth period of chayote is relatively long, and the nutrient supply should be ensured during the growth period. The most concentrated fertilizer is absorbed during the flowering and melon period, and the fertilizer should be topdressed in time to meet the demand for nutrients. Compared with other melon vegetables, the total amount of candied fruit is relatively less.
(1) Fertilization at the seedling stage. Chayote generally adopts the method of seedling transplanting, and the seedling period requires little nutrient. It can be absorbed from the nursery nutrient soil for self-growth. The nutrient soil preparation can refer to other vegetable seedling nutrient soil preparation methods. However, it should be noted that the chayote seedling stage is very sensitive to human excrement. Seedling application is easy to kill. Special attention should be paid to production.
(2) Planting base fertilizer. Due to the shallow distribution of the chayote roots, fertilization should be concentrated in the 20 cm soil layer. The amount of base fertilizer: 30 kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer per plant, to increase the organic matter content of the root distribution layer, and promote the growth and development of the chayote roots. Each plant is added with about 1 kg of ammonium sulfate, 1 kg of compound fertilizer or human excrement and grass ash. kilogram. Fertilization method should pay special attention to: on the 2 square meters of circular land centered on the acupoint, mix the above-mentioned fertilizers, spread the soil, turn into the soil layer about 20 cm deep, and mix evenly.
(3) It is advisable not to delay the fattening. The first pursuit is also called stimulating fat. Generally, after about 1 month of planting, the application of stimulating fertilizer is started. Early chasing and licking the manure can promote the growth of the melons, and the early flowering of the melons is early, the melons are long and the yield is high. Therefore, the time for the first top dressing should be sooner rather than later. 1 kg of compound fertilizer per plant or 5 kg of decomposed human excrement, 0.5 kg of superphosphate. Open the annular groove in the shallow soil layer 30 to 40 cm away from the melon.
The second top dressing was carried out one month after the last top dressing. It was required to open the ring groove 60 to 70 cm away from the melon, 2 to 3 kg of compound fertilizer or 10 to 15 kg of organic fertilizer, 1 kg of superphosphate, and ash. 2.5 kilograms. Be sure to keep away from melons as required, so as not to over-ditch and fertilize, causing a large number of roots of chayote in the shallow soil layer to be damaged and affecting normal growth.
The third time to pursue the second 20 days or so, to be farther away from melon. Ditch or spread at a distance of 90 cm. The application rate depends on the growth of the melon, the growth potential is good, and the application amount is the same as the second time; if the growth potential of the melon is different, it can be measured as appropriate.
In short, the fertilization of chayote should pay attention to the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It should not be applied biased. The application of chemical fertilizer should also be combined with organic fertilizer. Immediately after fertilization, water should be applied to promote the absorption of fertilizer by plants.
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