The Institute of Chemistry has made a series of progress in large-area organic photovoltaic materials and devices

Organic photovoltaic cells (OPV) have outstanding advantages such as light weight, simple manufacturing process, and large-area flexible devices that can be prepared by low-cost printing processes, and show broad application prospects. With the substantial improvement of photovoltaic efficiency, the OPV field has developed to a critical stage of transformation from laboratory to industrialization. How to further promote the improvement of photovoltaic efficiency, and at the same time to solve the key problems faced in the preparation of large areas is the focus of current research.

With the support of the Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and the Ministry of Science and Technology, the team of Hou Jianhui from the Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry of the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences conducted a series of studies on the preparation of key materials and devices for large-area OPV batteries. For the large-area processing technology, the active layer and the interface layer (Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1704837; Adv. Mater. 2019, 31; 1903441; Joule 2019, 3, 1) were studied for the photovoltaic performance. As a result, the cells prepared by coating printing have achieved excellent photovoltaic efficiency (Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1808356).

Recently, based on the combination of polymer donor material PBDB-T-2Cl and the new non-fullerene acceptor Y6, the team achieved a photovoltaic efficiency of 14.3% in a 300 nm active layer thickness cell (Sci. China Chem. 2020, 63, 21), which proves that the system has good film thickness tolerance, which is very beneficial for large-area coating processing. By further modifying the acceptor material and optimizing the alkyl chain, the researchers prepared BTP-4Cl-12 with lower energy loss and good processing performance; based on this material, the team used a spin coating method to prepare a small area ( 0.09 cm2) The battery achieves a photovoltaic efficiency of up to 17%. The 1 cm2 battery prepared by the doctor blade coating method can still maintain 15.5% PCE, which is the highest result achieved by the same large area OPV battery, and has initially proved the application potential of this type of high-efficiency material system. The related research work was published in the recent National Science Review. The corresponding author is Yao Huifeng and the first author is Cui Yong.


Figure: (a) Schematic diagram of blade coating; (b) Comparison of photovoltaic efficiency of cells.

Duplex Stainless Steel Seamless Pipe

DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL

Duplex Stainless Steels Available

Yuhong Group supplies LDX2101, 2205, Ferralium 255, Zeron 100 and LDX2507 in the form of plate, sheet, strip, bar, pipe, tubing, pipe fittings, flanges and weld wire.


Duplex Stainless Steel Overview

Duplex Stainless Steels, also referred to as austenitic-ferritic stainless steels, are a family of grades with about equal proportions of ferrite and austenite. These steels have a duplex microstructure which contributes to their high strength and high resistance to stress corrosion cracking. Due to their high content of chromium, nitrogen and molybdenum, duplex steels offer good resistance to local and uniform corrosion. Duplex stainless steels have good weldability.


Today, modern duplex stainless steels can be divided into three groups:
Lean Duplex such as LDX2101
Standard Duplex such as 2205, the work-horse grade accounting for more than 80% of duplex usage
Super Duplex such as Ferralium 255 and Zeron 100 and LDX2507

Of the duplex grades, duplex 2205 is the most widely used. However, the super duplex steels like Zeron® 100 and LDX2507 are excellent for servicing severe corrosive environments, such as offshore and marine applications. Lean duplex 2101 is available as an economic alternative to 300 series stainless steels.


What are the Characteristics of Duplex Stainless Steels ?
Very good resistance to uniform corrosion
Very good resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion
High resistance to stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue
High mechanical strength
Good sulfide stress corrosion resistance
Good abrasion and erosion resistance
Good fatigue resistance high energy absorption
Low thermal expansion
Good weldability


In what Applications are Duplex Stainless Steels® used ?
Oil and gas equipment
Offshore technology
Seawater desalination plants
Chemical industry, especially when handling chlorides
Flue-gas cleaning
Desalination plants and seawater systems
Pulp and paper industry
Cargo tanks and pipe systems in chemical tankers
Firewalls and blast walls on offshore platforms
Bridges
Storage tanks
Pressure vessels, reactor tanks, and heat exchangers
Rotors, impellers and shafts

Duplex Stainless Steel Seamless Pipe,Duplex Stainless Steel Pipes,Pipes for Desalination Station

YUHONG HOLDING GROUP CO.,LIMITED , https://www.alloypipeline.com