According to foreign media New Atlas, battery researchers usually focus on how to make devices safer. Scientists at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) reported promising progress in this area. The team's newly developed safety function can serve as a “spillway†for lithium metal batteries to prevent the flow of electrons that occurs in the event of a failure, thereby preventing rapid heat accumulation and dangerous fires and explosions.
Lithium metal batteries have great potential in terms of performance, but are prone to failure in their current form. This is due to the growth of a needle-like structure called dendrite, which is formed on the anode after the battery is charged and can pierce the separator, which is formed between the anode and the cathode Barriers can slow down the flow of energy and heat.
When this barrier is broken and electrons can flow more freely, they will generate more heat and things will run out of control, causing the battery to overheat, fail, catch fire or even explode. Scientists are seeking to solve these problems in lithium metal batteries in various ways. The use of ultrasound or special protective layers to prevent dendrite growth are just a few of the possibilities.
The UCSD team ’s solution involved adjusting the design of the separator assembly to cover one side of the partially conductive nanotube network. When dendrites form and pierce the separator, electrons gather on the mesh and slowly expel from the battery instead of submerging them all at once. The team compared this to the way the spillway works when a dam fails.
"When the dam begins to fail, the spillway will be opened to allow water to trickle down in a controlled manner, so that when the dam breaks and overflows, there will not be too much water to cause flooding," the first author of the paper Matthew Gonzalez said. "This is what our separators think. We are consuming electrical charges at a much slower rate, and we want to prevent electrons from" flooding "to the cathode. When the dendrites are intercepted by the conductive layer of the separator, the battery can start to self-discharge, so , When the battery is short-circuited, there will not be enough energy to cause danger. "
In the test, the lithium metal battery with the new separator design gradually degraded in 20 to 30 cycles, while the battery using the traditional separator suddenly failed in a single cycle. Although they will undoubtedly pursue higher goals in terms of performance, the researchers have seen the true advantages of the design based on these early results.
"In the actual use case, you will not have any early warning that the battery is about to fail. It may be good for the first second, then it may catch fire or be completely shorted the next second. This is unpredictable." Gonzalez Say. "But with our separators, you will be warned in advance that each time the battery is charged, it will become worse and worse."
The research was published in the journal Advanced Materials.
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