If long-term, single, and repeated use of the same agent to prevent and control the same pests and diseases, there will be a phenomenon in which the efficacy of the drug is significantly reduced or even ineffective. This phenomenon is called resistance to insects and diseases. The emergence of resistance to pests and diseases not only has a serious negative impact on the efficacy of the pesticide factory, but also causes an increase in production costs and a decline in the control effect. At the same time, blind drug use can also cause soil environmental pollution and damage the ecological balance. In order to reduce and prevent the occurrence of drug resistance, the following points must be noted when using pesticides:
Rotation (alternating) medication
Single-species pesticides can induce drug resistance, and biological pesticides and antibiotics and pesticides can be used in rotation to prevent the formation of drug-resistant populations in biological populations. Alternate medication is the use of pesticides with completely different mechanisms of action during a certain growth period of the plant. This will increase the effectiveness of the control and extend the useful life of certain excellent pesticides. For example, pesticides such as organophosphorus preparations, pyrethroids, carbamate preparations, organic nitrogen preparations, and biological preparations have different mechanisms of action. Pesticide varieties in the same type of preparation can also be used interchangeably, but it is necessary to know whether there is cross-resistance between them.
Reasonable mixing
Mixing agents with different modes of action and mechanisms can also slow the rate of drug resistance. For example, when crops are resistant to pyrethroid pesticides, organic phosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides are used in combination to suppress the resistance of pests. Single point pesticides are mixed with traditional pesticides with multiple points, and the effect is better. It should be noted that the mixed pesticides can not be used for a long time, and it is necessary to rotate the drugs, otherwise it will also cause drug resistance.
Intermittent medication
If a pesticide has been found to have great resistance, it should be discontinued or discontinued. When a drug has already caused drug resistance, if it is stopped for a period of time, the drug resistance phenomenon may gradually decrease or even disappear, such as the resistance caused by monocrotophos. After several years of inactivity, the drug resistance basically disappears.
Scientific application
It is essential that the effective dose and deposition distribution of the agent in the field is uniform. For different plants and different pests, appropriate application techniques should be used. Do not increase the dosage and increase the number of medications, so that the dosage is smaller. The dosage can obtain better control effect.
Application synergist
Synergists can increase the biological activity of pesticides and improve drug efficacy. Adding a certain amount of synergist to some pesticides is a very effective way to delay or overcome the resistance of pests and diseases. Note that the synergist used must be an authentic and pure synergist, not a pesticide-added formulation. For example, the high-profile well-known pesticide synergist in the market.
Adhere to comprehensive prevention methods
The occurrence of pests and diseases is related to various factors such as soil, climate, cultivation management, etc., and a single prevention and control measure, especially chemical control, is easy to produce drug resistance. The combination of chemical control, biological control, and force control can be combined and integrated to prevent and prevent drug resistance.
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Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance its taste, appearance, or other qualities. Some additives have been used for centuries; for example, preserving food by pickling (with vinegar), salting, as with bacon, preserving sweets or using sulfur dioxide as with wines. With the advent of processed foods in the second half of the twentieth century, many more additives have been introduced, of both natural and artificial origin.
Food additives can be divided into several groups, although there is some overlap because some additives exert more than one effect. For example, salt is both a preservative as well as a flavor.
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