In recent years, the wooden furniture manufacturing industry has developed rapidly and the number of employees has increased. Guangdong Province is a major province for the production of furniture and a large export province in China. It has more than 6,000 furniture enterprises, and furniture manufacturing enterprises are mainly concentrated in Foshan and Zhongshan. Dongguan, Shenzhen and Guangzhou. In the furniture industry, small and medium-sized enterprises and handicraft workshops occupy a considerable proportion, thus forming a variety of occupational hazards including wood dust, formaldehyde, benzene, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and noise. The relevant person in charge of the national safety supervision department once pointed out that the occupational hazard situation in China's wooden furniture manufacturing enterprises is quite severe, which is reflected in four aspects: First, there are many people exposed to occupational hazards, and nearly one million of the 1.6 million people engaged in wooden furniture manufacturing. Exposure to occupational hazards; second, occupational hazards are very serious. High-toxic substances such as benzene, formaldehyde and aniline exceeded the standard; thirdly, the operating environment was bad, the rate of occupational disease prevention facilities was extremely low, the physical examination rate of employees was low, and the detection rate of occupational disease hazards was low; fourthly, the protection awareness of employees was poor. There are more than 30 kinds of chemical poisons at the job site. According to the experts of the Shenzhen Municipal Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Institute, the three processes of cutting, processing and polishing in the production process of wooden furniture will generate a lot of dust and noise. The three processes of drawing, painting and drying can be carried out. A large amount of chemical poisons are emitted due to the use of organic solvents. There may be more than 30 kinds of chemical poisons in the work of wooden furniture and wood-based panel manufacturing enterprises, including 4 kinds of highly toxic substances, mainly benzene, formaldehyde, aniline and toluene diisocyanate; more than 20 kinds of general poisons, mainly toluene, Xylene, n-hexane, butyl acetate, methyl chloride, methanol, acetone, vinyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and the like. Benzene, a carcinogen, mainly damages the nervous system and hematopoietic system, can cause dizziness, headache, coma, aplastic anemia, leukemia and even death. Formaldehyde, which is a carcinogenic and teratogenic substance, has a detrimental effect on various cells of the human body. Can cause headache, palpitations, bronchial asthma, pulmonary edema, mouth and nose erosion, nasopharyngeal cancer. Aniline mainly damages the hematopoietic system and urinary system. Can cause hemolytic anemia, cystitis, hepatitis, urinary tract cancer, prostate cancer and the like. Toluene diisocyanate, which mainly damages the respiratory system, can cause purpura, asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, and the like. Exposure to wood dust may cause respiratory diseases such as rhinitis, pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, bronchitis, and asthma. Paint dust generated by furniture grinding that cannot be ignored can be improperly protected. High concentration inhalation can cause pneumoconiosis and is extremely harmful. Industry workers should do a good job of personal protection Shenzhen City Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Experts said that no matter whether it is enterprises or workers, in the production of furniture, it is necessary to take precautionary measures, especially in the rubber coating, painting and drying, the occupational hazards are serious, Be well protected and avoid occupational diseases. The occupational defense expert said that, first of all, enterprises should do a good job in toxic and harmful work environment. For example, the painting link: separate paint booths should be set up, and should not be mixed with other processes; the paint booth should adopt the ventilation method of the upper air inlet and the wind and the combination of positive and negative pressure to ensure the fresh air and the emitted poisons are discharged in time; In the assembly line operation, the painting operation site shall be provided with local isolation protection facilities and water curtain (water curtain) detoxification and water detoxification measures. Gluing and drying: It must be isolated from other operations and set up ventilation and detoxification facilities to ensure that the concentration of all toxic substances in the workplace does not exceed the national occupational health standards. Wood product machining: A local exhaust dust removal device should be installed at the dust-producing processing equipment. The dry-grinding workbench should be equipped with a dust-discharging device with a lower exhaust or a side exhaust. When the grinding position is not fixed, a mobile dust-removing device should be used. . Equipment that generates vibration and noise hazards should use vibration and noise reduction measures. At the same time, enterprises must do a good job of targeted protection measures. First, it is necessary to clearly understand the ingredients of chemical raw materials and the possible health hazards. The purchased chemical raw materials must be accompanied by a Chinese manual, which can further request a quality inspection report on the composition of the product. Avoid blind use of toxic chemicals and eliminate the use of toxic chemicals and auxiliary materials from dangerous sources of illicit production. Second, water-based paints, UV paints and other non-toxic, low-toxic chemical raw materials can be replaced to replace high-toxic raw materials. In principle, high levels of chemicals are prohibited in cases where full containment and no human contact are guaranteed. Personal protective equipment can block or reduce harmful factors into the body, so workers should also pay attention to personal protection. Workers who are exposed to dust, such as cutting, slabs, processing, grinding, etc., should wear dust masks. Workers who spray, paint, and paint toxic chemicals should wear respirators, protective clothing, hair protection caps, gloves, and gas masks. . Earplugs or earmuffs should be worn for contact noise.
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