To give a simple example, an LED manufacturer manufactures LED lamps of special specifications for roads, claiming that the lamp has a life of 100,000 hours, a color rendering index of 90, a power of 100 lumens per watt, and good illumination. A city engineer published the specifications for the luminaire in the newspaper and decided that the new road would use the luminaire. But the decision made by this engineer must be good? Is there any information to ensure that the characteristics of the lamps described by the manufacturer are true?
The advent of LED luminaires has changed the entire lighting market, replacing the original halogen and fluorescent tubes (CFLs) on buildings and streets. Engineers often compare LED lamps from different manufacturers and choose the best style. But how do you ensure that engineers choose the most suitable fixture?
LED Test Manual Guide
The Lighting Engineering Association (IES) is a non-profit organization that publishes publications as a reference for lighting applications and science. It is also a partner sponsor of ASHRAE/IESStandard90.1 and Standard189. The association publishes a number of documents related to lighting and energy.
IES has a number of LED-related manuals that help engineers clearly identify the authenticity of LED fixtures. One of the manuals is LEDLUMENS-79-08ELectricalandPhotometric, which sets a standard procedure for testing LED products. The manual details methods for testing lumens, luminous power, illumination intensity (candle), illumination directionality, color temperature, and color rendering index (but only for LED fixtures, not including LED chips, packages, and modules.)
The LM-79-08 manual specifies the environment and variable parameters (such as ambient temperature) during the test, as well as the relevant test data of each LED lighting product, such as the test mechanism, date of inspection, and lighting performance data after inspection. It is not always possible to retain a statement of uncertainty.
The illumination power is calculated in units of lumens per watt (the amount of light produced). In the past few years, LED power has continued to increase, from 50 lumens per watt to 130 lumens today. Usually cool white LEDs are more efficient than warm white LEDs. In contrast, traditional luminaires have lower power. The white light bulb produces 15 lumens per watt, the CFL produces 60 lumens per watt, the fluorescent tube produces 100 lumens per watt, and the high-end metal halide lamp produces 100 lumens per watt.
LED power has increased in recent years, and it is estimated that LED lamps producing 100 lumens per watt will be popular everywhere soon. Researchers in the lab have now succeeded in producing LED bulbs that produce more than 200 lumens per watt. LEDinside pointed out that compared with the recent US manufacturer Cree, it has announced 170 tons of commercial LED bulb prototype products per watt, and is negotiating with the industry about the actual production time and quantity.
Life cycle
LED lamps have a long life. Like other bulbs, LED bulbs will gradually reduce the amount of light output over time. But unlike other bulbs, LED bulbs will gradually darken rather than burn out directly, unlike other bulbs that suddenly break down directly. Inappropriate temperature, power, and moisture are the main causes of LED damage and a factor in determining LED life.
IES has another manual guide for LED light sources and modules - LUMENS-80-08MeasuringLumenMaintenanceofLEDLightSources, to develop a program for detecting LED life (and the elimination of illuminance when it is darkened).
The lifetime of an LED is determined by the number of hours that the number of power drops to a certain threshold, which is also known as lumen maintenance.
The LM-80-08 manual mentions two different standards used in the industry. One specifies that the lumens of the bulbs is less than 70% of the original and is not suitable for continued use. The other specifies that the lumens are less than 50% of the original. No longer use. The first standard (L70) is mainly used for general lighting LED lamps, and the second standard (L50) is for decorative LED lamps. These two LED life standards were developed by the Center for Solid State Lighting Systems and Technology Alliance (ASSIST) of the Lighting Research Center.
For example, after using an LM-80-08-detected LED luminaire and an LED sample that has been declared to pass the test for more than 30,000 hours, the lumen count is still 70% higher than the original light output, which means that the LM80 not only achieves basic Light decay requires even better performance. LEDinside pointed out that the current LM80 test project on the market is very expensive, about 15,000 US dollars, because it is necessary to light up thousands of hours to do the parameters and accurate information of the light decay test, and can spend money to do it. Manufacturers are generally medium-sized and large-scale manufacturers.
In terms of LED life, the LM-80-08 has developed a standard test environment and variable parameters. The test report must cover important data and the process of testing.
Typical white light bulbs have a life of 1,000 hours; CFLs have 8,000 to 10,000 hours; and the best fluorescent tubes can reach 30,000 hours. A typical metal halide lamp has an average life of 7,500 to 20,000 hours (lifetime standard is L50), while a typical LED bulb has a life of 30,000 to 50,000 hours (lifetime standard is L70).
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