Jujube
Also known as arbuscular disease, broom disease, fire dragon disease, fruit farmers call it "mad jujube tree" or "public jujube tree", widespread, is a devastating disease.
At the beginning of the disease, symptoms first appear on the individual branches of the jujube tree, and then develop to the whole plant. Branch and leaf clumps, leaf yellowing and flower degeneration are the main features of the disease.
1. The main root of the mad tree roots tends to grow a cluster of short mad roots due to the large number of buds, and multiple clusters of mad roots can appear on the same root. In the later stage, the root cortex rots, and in severe cases, the whole plant dies.
2. The main bud and the secondary bud of the diseased tree germinated at the same time to form a developmental branch, and the branches and leaves were clumped, the leaves were yellow, and the leaf margins were rolled up, hard and brittle, dull and dull. The buds on the new shoots can germinate many times, forming clusters with thin, short internodes and small yellow leaves. The diseased branches generally do not produce results, and the leaves on the mad branches are not easy to fall off in winter.
3. The leaves growing after the leaves are long and narrow, with dark veins, light green, easy to scorch, and sometimes a small dark vein on the midrib of the leaf back, resembling a rat ear.
4. The flower tube of the flower disease tree appears to return to the ancestors. The peduncle, bracts, petals, stamens and pistils degenerate into weak branches, leaves and other nutrient tubes. The peduncle is 4 to 5 times longer, and the sepals, petals and stamens are variable. For the leaflets, sometimes the pistils become twigs, with small branches, and the branches can occasionally draw 2 leaflets, causing the resulting branches to become small dense clusters.
5. The whole plant died when the whole plant was severe.
treatment method
1. Agricultural control eliminates mad branches and eliminates disease-free strains. Use the disease-resistant jujube variety as the rootstock. In the jujube garden without jujube mad disease, scion, bud or root is used for breeding to cultivate disease-free seedlings. Strengthen the management of orchard and increase the application of alkaline fertilizer and farmyard manure.
2. In the early stage of the disease prevention and treatment, drill the hand in the rhizome of the diseased tree. In the spring germination stage of the jujube tree or in October, each disease tree is instilled with a concentration of 0.1% tetracycline solution 500 ml. One hole is drilled on both sides of the trunk or the middle and lower parts of the trunk, and the core is deep. The vertical distance between the two holes is 10-20 cm. The oxytetracycline solution containing 10,000 units is injected with a high pressure syringe. In the initial stage of the disease, spray 0.2% of ferric chloride solution per acre 75-100 kg, spray once every 5 to 7 days, for 2 to 3 times.
Jujube black rot
Mainly cause fruit rot and early shedding. In August and September, when the jujube fruit expanded and whitened, it was about to be colored. The annual fruit rate is 20% to 30%, and the popular year can reach 50% or more, and even the jujube fruit is not harvested.
Mainly infringement on jujube fruit, jujube hanging, jujube head and other parts. In the early stage of jujube fruit, there are pale yellow irregular color spots in the front or back. The lesions gradually enlarge and have depressions or wrinkles. The color gradually turns reddish brown to dark brown, and the fruit is turned into shallow soil. Yellow small lesions, the whole flesh is brown to black in severe cases. In the later period (September), brown spots appeared on the fruit surface of the jujube fruit, which gradually expanded into elliptical lesions. The flesh was soft and rot, and the whole fruit was soft and rot. Generally, jujube fruit will fall off in advance after 2 to 3 days of symptoms. When the diseased fruit fell to the ground, the diseased part could grow many black small grain spots under humid conditions. The surface of the wintering disease has a large number of dark brown globular bulges.
treatment method
1. Agricultural control: 1 Do a good job in the Qingyuan work. Eliminate the dead fruit on the ground, and combine the pruning and cutting branches and diseased insects to reduce the source of the disease. 2 Strengthen cultivation management. For the diseased jujube garden, increase the application of decomposed farmyard manure, enhance the tree potential, and improve disease resistance. A low-stalk crop is planted between the jujube lines to make the jujube trees ventilate and light, reduce humidity and reduce the incidence.
2, chemical control: 1 spring before the germination of the tree spray 21% rejuvenating water 400 ~ 500 times liquid, eliminate the winter pathogen. 2 In the growing season, the first drug is sprayed at the beginning of July, and the fungicide can be sprayed 3 times in the first half of September. The drug is selected as 68.75% easy to protect 1500 times solution, or 50% antibacterial WP 600 to 800 times solution, or 50 % carbendazim wettable powder 600 ~ 800 times solution. In the later stage, 20.67% Wanxing EC was sprayed.
Jujube fruit rust
It is a fungal disease, and jujube fruit rust has occurred in each jujube area.
1. The leaves are scattered on the back of the leaves or accumulate raised yellow blisters. When the yellow spore powder appeared in the rupture of the epidermis, the leaves began to shed green. The leaves begin to fall from the lower part of the canopy and gradually spread upwards. In severe cases, all the leaves are lighted, leaving only the immature jujube fruit hanging on the jujube hanging of the branch.
2. Jujube fruit When the surface of the peel is subjected to external friction or stab wound, the cork layer replaces the epidermis to protect it, so a layer of rust appears on the fruit surface, which affects the appearance. As the pathogen infects the jujube fruit, it begins to lose water and shrinks, and a large number of fruit drops cause a large area of ​​production reduction or no harvest.
treatment method
1. Agricultural control strengthens the cultivation and management of jujube gardens and enhances the tree potential. Water is timely poured in the spring when the soil is dry.
2. Chemical control timely prevention and control of jujube. Spray 40% carbendazim suspension 600 times solution or other fungicide 10 days after flowering
Gray spot
Mainly harmful to the leaves, the diseased spots are dark brown, round or nearly round, the center becomes grayish white at the later stage, and the edges are brown. The scattered black dots are the conidia of the pathogen.
treatment method
1. Agricultural control: In autumn, the leaves are cleaned, burned or buried in order to reduce the source of the disease.
2, chemical control: spraying 50% of the antibacterial powder WP 600 ~ 800 times, or 50% carbendazim WP 800 times.
Jujube rot
It is a fungal disease, also known as blight. The important diseases of jujube trees are mainly caused by the occurrence of jujube trees every year from 1 to 3, resulting in a large number of dead young trees. After the jujube tree was damaged, the tree was weak and the growth was slow. The result was late and the yield was low. The diseased cortex becomes reddish-brown, the diseased area is water-soaked, and the shape of the plaque is irregular. When the lesion is wrapped around the stem for a week, the stems of the diseased part die. A small black spot grows in the crack of the bark.
treatment method
Strengthen management, apply more fertilizer to farmers, and enhance the tree. Thoroughly cut off the diseased branches of the tree and burn them intensively.
Jujube fruit
Is a bacterial disease, also known as black rot, iron skin disease, commonly known as dry waist, black waist, beam waist disease. The main disease of jujube fruit. It is distributed everywhere, and it is getting more and more serious. The disease rate is 10% to 50%, and the serious years are over 90%, and even the harvest is not acceptable. The disease fruit loses its edible value.
Jujube fruit begins to appear in the white ripening stage. In the early stage, there were water-soaked yellow-brown irregular lesions in the middle to the shoulder of the fruit. The diseased spots appeared red and dull in advance; the lesions continued to expand and developed deep into the flesh. In the flesh lesion area, there are brown spots from the outside to the inside, the tissue is dehydrated and necrotic, the yellowish brown flesh has bitter taste, and the outer peel of the lesion shrinks; the outer peel is dark red, the whole fruit is dull, and the flesh turns from pale green to reddish yellow. A large amount of dehydration, longitudinal shrinkage on one side, and the handle also turned brown or dark brown. It falls off earlier than the fruit. The fruit is small and small, the water is shrinking and shrinking, the flesh is yellow, and the softness is sponge-like necrosis and bitter.
treatment method
1. Agricultural control in the autumn and winter season to clean up the leaves, fruit, hanging, scraping bark in early spring, concentrated burning; reasonable winter shears, improve ventilation and light conditions, to prevent crown closure.
2. Chemical control spraying 0.3% borax or boric acid in the flowering and young fruit stages. Before the budding, spray the beautiful 3 to 5 degree stone sulfur mixture. From late July to early August, spraying streptomycin 100-140 units/ml, or 50% succinic acid copper (DT) wettable powder 600 times solution, or 47% ruinong wettable powder 800 times solution, Or 10% Shigao Water Dispersible Granules 2000-3000 times liquid. Spray once every 7 to 10 days, one or two times in a row.
Jujube rust
It is a fungal disease, also known as sclerotium disease, foggy disease, and is distributed everywhere. When the disease is serious, the leaves fall off early, weaken the tree potential, and reduce the yield and quality of the leaves.
It is only harmful to the leaves. In the early stage of the diseased leaves, the leaves were scattered with pale green dots, and the gradient was light grayish brown. There are yellow-brown and summer spore heaps at the lesions. The summer spore heap grows under the epidermis, and when it matures, it breaks through the epidermis and emits yellow powdery summer spores. In the later stage, irregular green dots appeared on the front of the leaves against the spores of the summer spores, forming brown spots, and later were yellow-brown horns, which gradually dried up and fell off. When the disease is serious, all the leaves on the jujube tree fall off, leaving only the immature green dates. The teliospores are usually produced after the diseased leaves have landed.
treatment method
1. Agricultural control Jujube garden should not be densely planted, it should be properly trimmed to make ventilation and light; the rainy season should be drained in time to prevent the park from being too humid to enhance the tree potential. In late autumn and winter, the leaves are removed and burned intensively.
2. The jujube garden with serious disease prevention and treatment sprays the canopy from early July to mid-August, and sprays once every two months for 2 to 3 times. In the light ward, spray the liquid once in the first half of August. The agent is selected from a 1:2:200-fold Bordeaux mixture, or a zinc-copper Bordeaux solution (0.5 parts of copper sulfate, 0.5 parts of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of quicklime, 200 parts of water), or 15% of triazolone wettable powder 1000 times. Or 20% rust emulsified concentrate 400 times solution, or 97% rust rust wettable powder 500 times solution, or 50% bacteriostatic WP 1500 times solution.
Jujube anthracnose
It is a fungal disease, which occurs in Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Anhui and other places. Causes early fruit loss, quality is reduced, and serious people lose economic value.
1. After the fruit is fruited, in the fruit shoulder or the waist of the fruit, the first yellowish water-stained spots appear, and then gradually expand into irregular yellow-brown plaques, which form round concave lesions in the middle, and then expand and contiguous. Reddish brown, causing fruit drop. The diseased fruit is colored early, and in the wet condition, many yellow-brown small protrusions and pink sticky substances can grow on the lesion. The anatomical fruit of the fruit was found to be dissected. Some of the jujube fruits turned into a funnel-like yellowish brown from the stalk to the core, and the nucleus turned black. After the diseased fruit is dried, only the jujube nucleus and the filament are connected to the peel. The fruit is bitter and cannot be eaten. The quality of the diseased fruit is also extremely poor.
2. After the leaves are damaged, they turn yellow and green, and fall early. Some are dark brown and burnt on the branches.
Control method
1. Agricultural control is reasonably densely planted, focusing on fertilization and irrigation. In the early stage of the disease, the diseased fruit should be removed in time to prevent the spread. After the leaves are removed, the jujube hanging and the diseased fruit are removed, the jujube hanging on the floor and the leaves are burnt out; the branches and pests are cut off during the winter shearing and burned.
2. Chemical control before the germination of the spray wave US 5 degree stone sulfur mixture. In the rainy season, spray 1:2:300 Bordeaux mixture, or 50% thiophanate-methyl WP 500 times solution, or 50% carbendazim WP 700 times solution. Spray once every 7 to 10 days.
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(Source: Agricultural Science and Technology, Beijing Agriculture)
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