Determine what kind of variety to grow before planting peppers. Color pepper, bell pepper, horn pepper, croissant, line pepper, pickled pepper, Chaotian pepper, etc. Can be selected according to market and planting experience.
Seed disinfection: Seeds without coating must be disinfected before germination. Otherwise, they are susceptible to infection and viruses.
Treatment method: 50% carbendazim 500 times, 70% methyl thiophanate 800 times, 8% agricultural forest wind 2nd 2000 times, 0.5% amino oligosaccharide 1500 times or 60-70 degrees Celsius hot water soak for 20 minutes Stir and soak to prevent scalding the seeds), generally soak for about 30 to 60 minutes, then rinse and germination.
Cultivate the strong seedlings as saying: Miao Zhuang three points. Cultivating strong seedlings is the key to high yield.
The standard of strong seedlings is: the stems are thick, the leaves are dark green, the roots are developed, and there are no pests and diseases.
The seedling age is generally about 30 to 40 days, and it is easy to survive in the 3 to 5 leaf stage, and the seedlings are fast; more than 7 leaves, the seedling age is too large, the slow seedling is slow, and the growth is affected. Pepper is generally divided into flower buds at the three-leaf stage, so it is said that cultivating strong seedlings is the key to high yield of pepper.
Fertilizer Management
Pepper is a shallow root crop, the root system is underdeveloped, and it is not afraid of drought or fear of phlegm. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to the management of fertilizer and water.
Formulated fertilization to produce 1000 kg of fresh pepper requires about 5 kg of nitrogen, 1 kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 6 kg of potassium oxide.
According to the fertilizer absorption rule and fertilizer requirement characteristics of pepper, the purpose of labor saving, labor saving, high yield and high efficiency is to save disease, resist heavy mites, improve soil and save cost. The following fertilization schemes are arranged:
1. Base fertilizer: 50-200 kg per acre of 200 million enzymes (instead of chicken manure, pig manure and various biological fungi), 15-15-15 balanced compound fertilizer 40-50 kg. Cultivation ditch or cultivation point can be used, preferably with mulch film cultivation method, high yield, good management.
2. After the first batch of flowers, the water is combined with watering every 15 days, and the application of 20-10-20 water soluble fertilizer 4 kg + ordinary mineral humic acid potassium 3 to 5 kg.
3. In the middle and late period, every 20 days, 20-10-30 rushing fertilization 5 kg + fine mineral fulvate potassium 300-400 g.
4. Spray the “plant vaccine†foliar spray once every 10 to 15 days after the slow seedling, to prevent disease, prevent insects, regulate growth, increase production and improve quality. Used as required, basically free from pests and diseases.
The water management of the peppers has fallen and fallen, and the cockroaches have died. It is also a drop of flowers and flowers, so the peppers are afraid of drought. Therefore, it is best to infiltrate or drip irrigation.
Cultivation and management of the root system of pepper is not developed, in order to make the root system developed, drought-resistant and anti-mite, change the past cultivation methods, and cultivate under the ridge for cultivation on the ridge, which can increase production by more than 20%. The cultivation on the ridge is better with the drip irrigation.
Pest Control
The most important diseases of pepper pests are anthracnose, epidemic disease, viral disease, soft rot, root rot, bacterial wilt, stem-based rot, wilt, root-knot nematode, and some whitefly, gray meal, beet night Moth, cabbage caterpillar, etc.
Pathogenic conditions of anthracnose: high temperature and high humidity, field depression, and daily burning easily cause anthrax. Anthrax is easy to cause rotten fruit, dry leaves, concentric circles and black on the leaves, which will cause the yield and quality of pepper to decline.
Control methods: (1) Add organic fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer to increase crop resistance. (2) Chemical control, anthrax, magnesium, Shigao, mancozeb, flusilazole, and Nonglinfeng No. 2, etc.
Note: Take precautions to minimize the spread of pathogens and reduce the incidence of disease. It is necessary to control the temperature and humidity. If the humidity is too high and the temperature is too high, it will easily cause diseases, not just anthrax. When the temperature and humidity are well controlled, they will not get sick basically. Tomatoes, cucumbers and other crops are like this. High temperature and high humidity are conducive to the propagation and spread of pathogens.
Most of the disease is caused by residual pepper residues or residues. Soil residue is the most common. In general, 80% of the bacteria and viruses are present in the soil, especially in closed greenhouses or greenhouses. Therefore, soil treatment is very critical.
Incidence conditions: The bacteria overwinter on soil or debris. The humidity is 85% or more, the temperature is 10 to 32 ° C, and the optimum temperature is 20 to 30 ° C.
Control methods: (1) soil treatment. (2) Prevention and treatment with Ruidu Copper, Nonglinfeng No. 2, and Buxue Ling. (3) Multi-application of bio-organic fertilizer, chitin fertilizer, etc., to improve resistance.
Viral disease Capsicum virus disease is a relatively stubborn disease, with strong replication, rapid spread, and difficult to control. At present, there is no specific therapeutic agent, mainly prevention.
Incidence conditions: high temperature and drought, plants are long, and nitrogen is high.
Routes of transmission: Laodelphax striatellus, whitefly, aphids, etc.; soil transmission; artificial transmission.
Control methods: seed disinfection, attention to pest control, spraying pesticides, and improving resistance.
Note: If there is a diseased plant, it should be pulled out in time. Try not to touch the strain with your hands to avoid the spread of the virus.
Soft rot soft rot is the main disease of pepper, a bacterial disease, mainly harmful to the pepper fruit.
Occurrence characteristics: high temperature and high humidity, 25 ~ 30 ° C, humidity above 85% occurs seriously, the bacteria enter from the wound.
Routes of transmission: rainwater spread, watering spread, water splashing, pest transmission.
Control methods: (1) Add bio-organic fertilizer to the soil to improve resistance. (2) Properly control drilling insect pests such as tobacco budworm and cotton bollworm. (3) Spray treatment with agricultural streptomycin, amber copper, copper rosinate, Diyi copper, and Nonglinfeng No. 2, usually 5 to 7 days, even 2 to 3 times, and pay attention to the rotation of the drug. Avoid drug resistance.
Soil-borne diseases, root rot, bacterial wilt, blight, stem-based rot, and root-knot nematode are all soil-borne diseases. Once infected, whether it is rooting or spraying pesticides, the effect is not good.
Characteristics of the disease: serious harm, difficult to control, difficult to cure, large investment, serious reduction in production.
Solution: Only use formula fertilization (1) to cure bacteria. (2) Adding mineral organic fertilizer. (3) Avoid applying chicken feces that are not decomposed. (4) Comprehensive soil remediation agents work better.
Umbilical rot disease is a non-infectious disease caused by calcium deficiency. High temperature in summer is likely to cause calcium deficiency and form umbilical rot. At this time, some ordinary people do not know how to go, every day to calcium, can not cure umbilical rot. First, because the way of calcium supplementation is different, the second is the variety of calcium supplementation.
There are many varieties of calcium, ordinary calcium, crops are not easy to absorb, its mobility is very slow, and some do not even move, so when spraying foliar, it is necessary to spray more sugar calcium alcohol, which can increase its transportation in the cortex. The amount, then the amino acid calcium, calcium fulvic acid, calcium humate can be, ordinary calcium must be added to these vehicles in order to receive better results.
Soil problem solving method
Soil compaction Soil compaction is a phenomenon in which soil micro-organisms and organic matter are insufficient to make soil aggregate structure worse, and soil clay aggregates under the action of watering or rainwater, which is called compaction. The cause of soil compaction is the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and the loss of organic fertilizers and the reduction of beneficial microorganisms, resulting in an imbalance of carbon to nitrogen ratio, phosphate fixation, and destruction of aggregate structure, that is, soil compaction.
Solution: increase the amount of organic matter and beneficial microorganisms, reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer, achieve the balance of organic nutrients and chemical nutrients, promote the formation of agglomerate structure, and repair the soil.
The acidification of soil acidified soil is simply formed by the excessive accumulation of H ions in the process of applying fertilizer to the soil. The application of sulfate and phosphate causes the soil base to be unbalanced, resulting in the accumulation of hydrogen ions in the soil and the formation of soil. acidification.
Solution: Alkaline mineral regulation: such as quicklime, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and other alkaline fertilizers; zeolite regulation and improvement; biological bacteria organic fertilizer regulation and improvement.
The secondary salinization of soil secondary salinized soil is the latter's salinization, which is caused by unbalanced fertilization and unreasonable watering and tillage. Especially greenhouses and greenhouses are more common and serious. For example, hoarfrost, moss, green moss, and chlorella, which are formed on the surface of soil in greenhouses and greenhouses, are secondary salinizations.
Solution: Apply acidic fertilizer: such as superphosphate, phosphogypsum, etc.; apply humic acid powder; apply sulfur powder; apply organic fertilizer, biological fertilizer, enzyme fertilizer, etc.
Self-poisoning of crop self-poisoning crops is some toxic substances produced by roots in the process of growth and metabolism. It will inhibit and affect the absorption of nutrients and water, weaken the resistance of plants, and reduce crop yield and quality.
Solution: Use island enzymes (enzymes) to break down soil residues and stimulate crop growth.
Heavy cropping is also called continuous cropping, which means that the same crop is continuously planted on a field. Many crops, such as legumes, melons, vegetables, strawberries and some Chinese herbal medicines, cause plant root pathogens due to heavy cropping, leading to plant blight, leaf blight, virus disease and other hazards, which seriously affect crop growth.
Heavy hazards: accumulation of pathogenic bacteria; accumulation of toxins; lack of trace elements; accumulation of root-knot nematodes.
Solution: Treat bacteria with bacteria, treat bacteria with bacteria; add mineral organic fertilizer; supplement trace elements.
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