Although fruit tree pruning is an old-fashioned topic, to do scientifically and rationally pruning must also follow certain rules and be familiar with certain principles. The following are the ten principles of fruit tree pruning for your reference.
Lifelong contradiction
That is, the contradiction between growth and result, which runs through the entire life cycle of the fruit tree, and shows how strong the tree is and how much the result is. The genetic law determines that all measures that the young trees do not produce results are achieved by weakening the tree.
Two power
That is, light and water, light is energy, determines the level of nutrition and accumulation of fruit trees; water is the lifeblood, which determines the growth power of fruit trees. As the saying goes, "It is good to clear the waterway and grow the tree, and the result of smoothing the light path is good". The first thing to consider about the fruit tree shaping and trimming is the soil and fertilizer conditions and the scenery conditions. The individual and group structure of the fruit tree can only achieve the best results if it is consistent with the ecological conditions.
Two advantages
That is, the vertical advantage and the top advantage are the upward and vertical characteristics of the fruit tree growing process, which is the principle that all fruit trees can grow taller and taller. In the process of shaping and trimming fruit trees, adjusting the balance between the upper and lower, outer and inner growth results of the canopy is essentially a relationship between these two advantages.
Two angles
That is, the angle of the backbone branch and the angle of the branch group on the backbone branch. The angle is to adjust the light path and the water path, adjust the two advantages, and achieve the “key†of growth and coordination of results. The angle is from small to large, and the tree is turned from strong to weak. On the contrary, the angle is from large to small, and the tree is weak. Strong. The most effective measure for early detection of young trees is light shearing and long-opening. The old tree is updated by using the back and raising the angle.
Two parts
That is, the upper part of the ground and the lower part of the ground are the crown and root system. These two parts are closely related. In the fruit tree annual growth cycle, the two parts are in a state of dynamic equilibrium. To some extent, the canopy is trimmed and trimmed. The more it is cut, the stronger the force that promotes the restoration of the canopy. The cut is the branch, the root is broken, and the root system is destroyed, which will inevitably affect the growth of the crown.
Two hubs
That is, the two hubs of water and organic nutrient transport processes. The water and inorganic salts absorbed by the roots are transported through the xylem duct to the canopy; the organic nutrients produced by the leaves are transported through the cortex screen to the roots. Taking the measures of ring-skinning and other measures to increase the fruit setting rate, promote the formation of flower buds, and “damage the bones†(damage the xylem) to make the tree body weaker and slower, all because the normal function of the two roads is damaged. Achieve the intended purpose.
Two centers
For the shoots, the organic nutrients produced by the leaves of the fruit growing season have two centers in the distribution process: one is transported to the top of the most active new shoots for growth; the other is transported to the result site for fruit. Growing. The shift of nutrition to the growth center will cause the tree to overpower; the shift of the nutrition bias to the center of the result (too many fruits) will cause the tree to be too weak. One of the main tasks of pruning is to adjust the distribution center of organic nutrition to make it grow and coordinate with the results.
Two growth stages
The growth of new shoots in the annual cycle is generally divided into two stages: spring shoots and autumn shoots. The spring shoot, also known as the shoot tip, plays a decisive role in the early nutrient level of the fruit tree. It is an accumulative shoot; the autumn shoot is grown after the rainy season, which is not conducive to fruit growth and flower bud differentiation, and is a consumption type shoot. For young trees, you can make full use of the autumn shoots to achieve the purpose of light-cutting and long-term expansion of the crown; for the big trees, how to control and weaken the growth of autumn shoots is one of the tasks of plastic trimming.
Two methods
That is, short and thin branches are cut off or removed from the base. This is the two basic techniques in fruit tree pruning. The short cuts are divided into light, medium, heavy and extremely heavy cuts, which have an auxiliary effect on the parts of the pruning branches. For the same shoot, the shorter the cut, the stronger the local help, and the smaller the growth of the cut. The lighter the short cut, the weaker the local help, and the greater the amount of cut growth. The thinning has a reducing effect on the upper part of the cut, but it has a promoting effect on the lower part of the cut. These two methods can only achieve the desired trimming effect if combined with proper application.
Winter and summer combination
That is, winter pruning combined with summer pruning. For young trees and early-fruit trees, the pruning in winter alone tends to be over-weighted, and the spring is too long, and the result is late. If the winter is lightly cut, the summer is combined with wiping, picking, twisting, pulling, engraving, etc. Will accelerate the formation of the crown, early flowering, early results. The greater the amount of pruning after the fruit tree is germinated, the heavier the "density" of the tree. Therefore, summer plastic pruning should minimize leaf loss and achieve the purpose of controlling prosperous, slowing, early flowering and early results.
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