According to foreign media reports, caterpillars that can "eat" plastics are expected to be used to treat landfill waste in the future, although new research warns that this is not an easy solution to the problem of disposable waste. Insects capable of decomposing polyethylene were first discovered a few years ago, but it is only now that we have begun to understand exactly how it occurs and how it affects the actual implementation of caterpillars.
Polyethylene is a commonly used synthetic polymer and one of the main factors leading to non-biodegradable waste. Although they can be recycled, a large number are still being discarded in landfills. When decomposed, methane and ethylene are released, both of which contribute to climate change. As early as 2014, researchers discovered that certain types of whitefly larvae can actually "eat" plastic. In 2017, this range was narrowed down to the caterpillar called Galleria mellonella. However, it is not clear what the biological process behind it is.
And a new study published on Wednesday in the "Journal of the Royal Society, Series B" focuses on what's happening inside these bugs. Researchers at Brandon University have worked on caterpillars to find out what might happen to their gut biome. Compared with feeding caterpillars with natural honeycomb feed, its digestive system has actually flourished in terms of microbial abundance.
One possibility that some researchers hope is that there is a chemical in the caterpillar's digestive system that can be separated and used to break down plastic. Now, this is not the case. Instead, combine caterpillars and gut bacteria to work together. In short, researchers cannot be sure that it is not the synergy between bugs and bacteria that makes this process most effective. They suggest that “obviously, in future work, plastic decomposition is to be studied as an in vivo process, especially how polyethylene decomposition directly affects the caterpillar ’s physiology, adaptability, and genetic basis.â€
Although caterpillars can "eat" plastic, they can then expel harmful substances. There is ethylene glycol in its excreta, echoing previous research that ethylene glycol may be a by-product of polyethylene decomposition. That is a known toxin, because it has a certain toxicity and may have a harmful effect on the human body, so it is forbidden to use in food. The CDC warns that ingesting ethylene glycol can cause eye and respiratory infections. It is believed that only 1400 to 1600 mg / kg is fatal to humans.
Dealing with caterpillar excreta will be another consideration: releasing large numbers of caterpillars to landfills may cause another problem because it treats plastic. In short, although bugs can help us eliminate plastics, at present, recycling as much as possible is still the best use.
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