The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has stated that rice is the third-largest food crop after corn and wheat. In many countries, the staple food in most parts of the world is rice. With the increase in demand and the increasing impact of climate change, the drought vulnerability of rice is receiving increasing attention. According to foreign media reports, the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resources Science (CSRS) is currently developing a new and new transgenic rice that incorporates genes from the Arabidopsis thaliana so that It is more tolerant to drought.
CSRS scientists say that the plant can adapt to drought by producing a chemical called osmoprotectants, which include various forms of sugar. By increasing the concentration of protective agents in the cells, they are better able to retain moisture. The key to producing a protective agent called galactinol is galactinol synthase (GolS). CSRS has successfully developed transgenic rice that can produce GolS through cooperation with CIAT and the Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS).
According to RIKEN scientist Fuminori Takahashi, “The Arabidopsis GolS2 gene was first studied at RIKEN. Using it, we were able to improve the ability of rice to resist drought and to increase rice yield under drought conditions. This is a basic research knowledge applied successfully to research and One of the best examples of food-related issues."
In order to develop new varieties of rice, the team began to use rice in Brazil and Africa, through the splicing of rice genes, so that they overexpress the GolS2 gene. Then they plant new rice in greenhouses under various controlled conditions. Then, the team tested the transgenic plants under simulated drought conditions and found that the improved rice showed less rolling traits - one of the drought indicators. Finally, three years of field testing were performed at various sites in the transgenic rice Cambodia. The researchers found that even under mild to severe drought conditions, the yield of transgenic rice was higher than that of ordinary rice, and the leaf rolling characteristics were less, the biomass was higher, the water content was higher, and the chlorophyll was higher.
This study was published in the "Plant Biotechnology Journal" journal.
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