First, the current occurrence of major diseases and insect pests of citrus
(1) Dynamics of citrus pests
1. Citrus fruit fly
According to my station, the orchard monitors the fruit fly trap to trap the adult larvae of the citrus fruit fly for 15 days: the highest 119 heads/piece, the lowest 12 heads/piece, generally 33-47 heads/piece, which occurred this year is heavier than last year. The degree is moderate, with an area of ​​0.4 million mu.
Fruit flies are miscellaneous and can harm a variety of crops, such as citrus, pomegranate, peach, alfalfa, plum, pear, watermelon, bitter gourd, etc. It has a great influence on the yield and quality of peach, pear and citrus fruits. The main damage to peaches and pears in our district from June to July. After August, a large number of oranges migrated into orange orchards to harm citrus. After September, citrus is about to mature, and citrus harms. Aggravation, first of all harm the early ripe mandarin orange, once again endangered late ripe mandarin orange, Nanfeng tangerine, sand sugar orange. And the early ripe mandarin orange and Nanfeng tangerine are heavier. Please encourage the towns to publicize and guide the farmers to prevent and control in time!
Adults have a long life span, generally up to 60 to 70 days, and have a wide range of flying. Seven to nine generations occur in one year, and generations overlap. The adults begin to mate and lay eggs 7 to 12 days after emergence. The eggs are produced in nearly mature fruits or thin skin, ranging from 5 to 10 capsules per locus. The number of eggs per female is 400-1000, the egg is 1-2 days in summer and autumn, and 3-6 days in winter. The spawning and damage increase with the maturity of the fruit. After the larva hatches, it feeds on the fruit. After 7-8 days of feeding, the mature larvae are removed from the fruit and into the soil, with a depth of 3 to 7 cm. The growth and development speed of the insect is closely related to temperature, the temperature is low and the development is slow, the temperature is high and the development is fast, the development of eggs, larvae and adults is affected by the temperature, and the development of the earthworm is affected by the soil temperature. In our district, fruit worms began to appear in May, and the number of adults began to increase from May to the beginning of each year. The first peak occurred after wintering, and a large peak occurred around mid-August. The peak period lasted until November. It began to decline after mid-December. Due to the serious overlap of the insect generation and the long damage period, it is difficult to achieve the expected results by adopting a single prevention and control method, and comprehensive prevention and control measures must be taken.
2. Citrus leaf miner: It harms the young leaves of autumn shoots. The autumn season of citrus in our area (on August to September) is common, affecting the yield of fruit in the coming year. The occurrence level 3 (4), the area of ​​occurrence is 0.9 million mu. At present, there is no prevention or treatment.
3, citrus hibiscus: autumn tip period (August up to September) is the second peak of the occurrence of hibiscus in our district. The orchard that occurs is generally 0-3 heads/strain, the degree of occurrence is light, the occurrence level is 1, and the area is 0.2 million mu. At present, there is no prevention or treatment.
4, citrus red, yellow spider: in mid-September to the Zhanjiang, Batang and Dongjin part of the citrus orchard survey, citrus aphids generally occur, each leaf is harmful to the general 16 16 ~ 25 heads, less 0 ~ 5 heads, high It reaches 50 to 85 heads. The degree of occurrence is moderately heavy and localized.
5. Prevention and control of citrus aphids
Partially occurring, the orchard is not in place, the new shoots are generally 6 to 15 heads/leaf, the lesser is 0 to 2 heads/leaf, and the taller is 30 heads/leaf. The degree of occurrence is 1 (3), and the area of ​​occurrence is 0.2 million mu.
6. Prevention and control of citrus scale insects and black thorn
Closed orchards are common, with a degree of occurrence of 1 (4) and an area of ​​0.1 million mu.
(2) Disease occurrence
1, citrus scab
The citrus scab disease occurs in a local orchard, with a degree of occurrence of 1 (2) and an area of ​​0.1 million mu.
2, prevention and treatment of anthrax
Precocious citrus and medium-ripe citrus are common, with a degree of occurrence of 3 (4) and an area of ​​about 0.3 million mu.
3, citrus canker disease
Orchards dominated by the cultivar are mainly occurring in the orchard, with a degree of occurrence of 2 (4) and an area of ​​0.2 million mu.
Second, prevention and treatment opinions
(1) Agricultural control
Reasonable irrigation and drainage, appropriate application of fertilizers, rational control and control of agricultural shoots, reduce the source of pests and diseases, strengthen cultivation management, enhance tree potential, and improve the tree's own ability to resist pests and diseases.
(2) Physical and mechanical control
Use vibrating insecticidal lamps to trap insects such as leaf miner. Pests such as the small yellow leaf moth have a tendency to sugar, wine, and vinegar, which can be used to attract pesticides in sugar, wine, and vinegar. Using the colorimetric properties of some pests, yellow boards can be used to trap pests such as aphids, leaf miners, and black thorns.
(3) Biological control of citrus pests and diseases
1, artificial transfer, reproduction and release of natural enemies. On the basis of protecting natural enemies, predatory mites are used to control mites.
2. Application of biological source pesticides and mineral source pesticides. At present, the recommended biological sources and mineral source pesticides are 10% Liuyangmycin EC, Bordeaux mixture, stone sulfur mixture, etc. are good acaricides , and the control effect is good. .
3. Use sexual attractants. Place sex attractants and a small amount of pesticides in the field to kill citrus pest males and reduce their chances of mating with females, thus reducing the source of insects. If the fly trap, the moth trap.
(4) Chemical prevention and treatment
1. Citrus scabies and anthrax: Each new shoot (especially spring and autumn shoots) starts to spray after self-shearing. The recommended agents are: methyl thiophanate WP 1000-1500 times or 75 % chlorothalonil wettable powder 500-800 times solution.
More pesticide knowledge, please pay attention to China Pesticide Network
2, citrus canker: 20% thiazole zinc suspension or 3% thiazolone microemulsion or 47% Chunlei · Wang copper WP 500-600 times liquid initial spray, 5 to 6 days spray a continuous spray 2 ~ 3 times.
3. Prevention and control of citrus red, yellow spider and rust tick
Spraying is started when each leaf is harmful to 4 to 5 heads. The recommended agents are: 5% thiazolone 1500-2000 times solution, 15% ketone emulsifiable concentrate 1500-2000 times solution or 5% oxazolidine or 16 %四螨•哒螨çµç‰
4. Prevention and control of citrus leaf miner
The autumn shoots sprout, and the spray is controlled when the length is 2 to 3 mm. The recommended agents are: 1.8% avermectin 3% acetamiprid emulsifiable concentrate 1500 ~ 2500 times solution, 98% chlorpyrifos soluble powder j1800 ~ 2000 times solution, 25% chlorpyrifos suspension 1000 ~ 1500 times solution .
5. Prevention and control of citrus aphids
The recommended agents are: 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 3000-5000 times wine 50% anti-converse wettable powder 1000-2000 times liquid, 3% acetamiprid emulsifiable concentrate 3000-5000 times liquid or 20% butyl thiocarbamate Dairy oil 1000 ~ 2000 times liquid.
6. Prevention and control of citrus scale insects and black thorn
The recommended agents are: 95% oil emulsion 50-200 times solution, 25% thiamethoxam 1000-1500 times solution or 25% quetiapine emulsion 600-1000 solution.
More pesticide knowledge , please pay attention to China Pesticide Network
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