What is the reason for low peanut yield?
1. The variety is complicated and the variety is seriously degraded. The dominant variety is not clear.
At present, most of the peanut varieties planted in Shangqiu City are self-propagating and multi-generational seeds. The varieties are numerous and disorderly, the varieties are seriously degraded, the disease resistance is reduced, and the yield is low, resulting in lower peanut production.
2, poor seeding quality, lack of seedlings and broken ridges
The seeds are not full, damaged, mildewed, resulting in low germination rate, heavy pests and diseases in seedling stage, poor sowing quality, poor soil cover, severe drought after seed germination, and easy to be harmed by rodents, resulting in serious lack of seedlings and broken ridges.
3, heavy 茬 planting, pests and diseases are aggravated
The main reason for the reduction of peanut yield is that the root pests and diseases are aggravated, the root absorption capacity is weakened, the root septics, root exudates are produced and aggregated, and the rhizosphere microorganisms and rhizosphere nutrient environment are degraded. According to the survey, the increase of civil rights peanut pests and diseases is mainly due to the results of heavy planting.
4, poor land, extensive cultivation
Due to the farmers' lack of attention to peanuts, more choices are made on hillsides, side-foot fields, or orchards. The fields are uneven, the irrigation and drainage conditions are poor, there is no clear seedlings, and the management of fertilization, irrigation, cultivating, and control is unscientific.
5, fertilization is not scientific
The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in peanuts is 3.0:0.4:1.0, and the nitrogen supply of peanuts to rhizobia can reach 2/3-4/5. In fact, the level of nitrogen application is not high, which highlights the characteristics of potassium and calcium in peanuts. . In addition, peanuts are also urgent for magnesium, sulfur and molybdenum, boron, manganese, iron, etc., and sensitive, while farmers are heavy nitrogen fertilizer, light phosphorus potassium fertilizer and micro-fertilizer.
6, harvest early
In order to get older, some farmers often take early harvest, generally 7-10 d earlier than the suitable harvest period of peanuts, so that peanuts can be reduced by more than 10%.
How to do low peanut yield?
1, select the fine species
Variety selection should adapt to market demand, it is recommended to use the varieties approved in recent years, such as Yuhua No. 10, Shangyan 9658, Yuhua 9840, Yuanza 9102, Yuhuahei No. 1, Kai Nongbai No. 2, Huanhua No. 17 , Zhouhua 2 and other good varieties.
2, slow down the hazard
Reducing the weight of peanuts should reduce the yield of peanuts by selecting disease-resistant varieties and controlling root pests and diseases, and implementing comprehensive agronomic measures such as soil plowing, improved seed coating, selection of resistant varieties, planting and planting, prevention and control of pests and diseases, and fitness regulation. Comprehensive prevention and control measures to improve the root environment, supplement nutrition, robust plants, and promote growth and development.
3, timely seeding, processing seeds
Spring peanuts can be sown when the temperature is stable through 15 °C. The sooner the summer peanuts, the better. Before planting, choose sunny sunbathing for 5-6h, continuous drying for 2-3d, and then peeling the shell to select seeds. Seeds with bright color, full kernels, fullness, no quality, no pests should be selected. When planting, mainly use peanut seed coating agent for seed dressing, or use chemical treatment. After soaking with carbendazim or chlorothalonil, mix with 90% ammonium molybdate and seed, mix well, do not stay overnight. In order to avoid affecting seed germination, peanut root rot can be prevented.
4. Improve the quality of planting and establish a scientific group structure
According to the soil type and fertility status, the characteristics of the variety, and the sowing date, the ratio of sowing date, sowing amount, sowing depth and plant spacing were determined. Spring peanuts, late-maturing varieties, soils with high soil fertility should be planted spawnly, and broadcast 12,000-15,000 holes/hm2, and vice versa 135,000-15,000 holes/hm2; wheat-set peanuts, medium-maturing varieties, high soil fertility The land should be sowed, sowing 135,000-15.0 thousand points / hm2, and on the other hand, broadcasting 15.0 million -16.5 thousand points / hm2; summer sowing peanuts, early maturing varieties, sandy soil with low soil fertility should be densely broadcast, broadcast 18,000 -19.5 million points / hm2, on the contrary, broadcast 150,000 - 16.5 million points / hm2.
5, formula fertilization
Studies have shown that the production of 1 kg peanut pods requires pure N, P2O5, K2O 0.050, 0.010, 0.025 kg, and the ratio of the three is 5:1:2.5. Therefore, the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium application rates of peanuts can be calculated based on the target yield and the basic soil strength (Table 1).
In the production process of peanuts, the absorption of nutrients from the seedling stage gradually increased, reaching the most in the pod-forming period, and the absorption in the mature period decreased. The nutrients required for peanuts are nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and calcium in descending order. Therefore, the production should be based on organic fertilizers, supplemented by chemical fertilizers, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium combined application.
6, scientific irrigation and drainage
Peanuts require more water, have stricter requirements on water, and are less resistant to drought and suffocation. Therefore, peanuts not only require moderate precipitation during each period, but also require a relatively even distribution of precipitation.
7. Pest control
7.1, disease. After peanut seedlings were sprayed with water of 450 kg/hm2 with Tianda 2116, 96% carbendazim, 3% acetamiprid 750 g/hm2, 150 g/hm2, 600 mL/hm2, respectively. Root rot, stem rot, virus disease; initial flowering period, for the control of peanut virus disease and net spot disease, using Tianda 2116, 70% mancozeb WP 750 g/hm2 for water 450 kg/hm2 Prevention and control; pod expansion period, such as leaf spot disease, respectively, using Tianda 21161, 50% carbendazim WP 125, 1 125 g / hm2 spray against water 675 kg / hm2, with 75% chlorothalonil 500 times liquid or 25% carbendazim WP 500 times can prevent leaf spot and rust.
7.2, pests. The larvae can be controlled by seed dressing before the peanuts are planted. The control method is: 187.5-225.0 kg peanut seeds with 36% Jiatian Xikang microcapsule suspension agent 3 750-7 500 mL / hm2, or 30% Jiatian Jiasheng microcapsule suspension agent 5 625-7 500 mL / hm2, plus 25 At the time of %, the suspension coating agent 300 mL/hm2 was mixed, dried and then sown, and the control effect was over 80%. In the middle and late stages of peanut growth, the following measures can be taken to prevent adult diseases: First, the drug sticks are trapped. Use 50-100cm branches of poplar and medlar, soak in 40% monocrotophos 50 times solution for more than 10 hours, insert 75 branches/hm2 of peanut field in the evening, or spray the hedgehog with 40% omethoate emulsifiable concentrate 800 times. , Canada Yang and other leaves piled 150-225 heap / hm2. The second is spray and dusting. In the adult period, the hosts of the adults were sprayed with omethoate 800 times or 40% dimethoate; powdered with 2.5% trichlorfon or 1.5% dimethoate 30 kg/hm2.
8, timely harvest
During the maturity of peanuts, it is necessary to prevent flooding and beware of water accumulation in the rainy season. When the growth of peanuts stops, the lower leaves are yellow, the peanut kernels are full, the pods are clear, and the inner wall of 70% peanut shells turns from yellow to black, and the seed coat is red. It indicates that the peanut is ripe and can be harvested.
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